Water reuse for irrigation from waste water treatment plants with seasonal varied operation modes.

Irrigation periods are usually limited to vegetation periods. The quality requirements for treated wastewater for disposal and for reuse are different. The reuse of water for irrigation allows partly the reuse of the wastewater's nutrients (N and P). Outside the irrigation period the water must be treated for disposal, thus nutrient removal is often required in order to avoid detrimental effects on the receiving surface water body. Only wastewater treatment plants with different operation modes for different seasons can realise these requirements. The nitrification is the most sensitive biological process in the aerobic wastewater treatment process. At low water temperatures the nitrifying bacteria need several weeks to re-start full nitrification after periods without NH4-removal. Therefore it is necessary to develop options for waste water treatment plants which allow a fast re-start of the nitrification process. Based on theoretical considerations and computer simulations of the activated sludge treatment process, one possibility for implementing a wastewater treatment plant with different seasonal operation modes is evaluated.     

An integrated approach for groundwater potential zoning in shallow fracture zone aquifers

This study presents an integrated approach for the identification of groundwater occurrences in shallow fracture zone (SFZ) aquifers using remote-sensing, geological, and geophysical data. The Central Eastern Desert of Egypt was selected as a test site for the present study. The distribution of major faults and shear zones was extracted from a fusion image generated by injecting high-spatial resolution phased array L-band synthetic aperture radar (PALSAR) images into Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper images. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) digital elevation model was processed to extract the drainage systems, slope, and topographic wetness index (TWI). The multidate PALSAR imagery acquired during rainy and dry seasons was used to estimate the relative soil moisture content. The lithology, fractures, drainage density, slope, TWI, and soil moisture content were used as thematic layers for groundwater occurrence in the SFZ aquifers. A GIS model of groundwater potential was developed by selecting the most probable locations for groundwater in each layer. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of the existing water wells is in agreement with the model where all wells fall in the regions of high groundwater potential zones. A geophysical survey was conducted using ground penetrating radar (GPR), indicating that the high groundwater potential zones are promising for drilling shallow wells. The adopted approach can be used as a cost-effective tool for groundwater exploration in the SFZ aquifers in the study area and in areas of similar geologic and hydrogeologic settings elsewhere.     

The lower and upper approximations in a quotient hypermodule with respect to fuzzy sets

This paper provides a continuation of ideas presented by Davvaz and Mahdavipour [B. Davvaz, M. Mahdavipour, Roughness in modules, Inform. Sci. 176 (2006) 3658-3674]. The notion of hypermodule is a generalization of the notion of module. In this paper, we consider the quotient hypermodule M/A and interpret the lower and upper approximations as subsets of the quotient hypermodule M/A. Then, we introduce the concept of quotient rough sub-hypermodule. Also, using the concept of fuzzy sets, we introduce and discuss the concept of fuzzy rough hypermodules and then we obtain the relation between fuzzy rough sub-hypermodules and level rough sets. This relation is characterized as a necessary and sufficient condition.     

Use of multisensor and multitemporal geospatial datasets to extract the foundation characteristics of a large building: a case study

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - The assessment of the ground conditions for large buildings is important because the results are sensitive to the ground conditions, especially...     

Proportional damping approximation using the energy gain and simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation

The design of vector second-order linear systems for accurate proportional damping approximation is addressed. For this purpose an error system is defined using the difference between the generalized coordinates of the non-proportionally damped system and its proportionally damped approximation in modal space. The accuracy of the approximation is characterized using the energy gain of the error system and the design problem is formulated as selecting parameters of the non-proportionally damped system to ensure that this gain is sufficiently small. An efficient algorithm that combines linear matrix inequalities and simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation is developed to solve the problem and examples of its application to tensegrity structures design are presented.     

47—THE FORM TAKEN BY THREADS LAID ON A MOVING BELT. PART II: MECHANISMS AND THEORY

It is shown that the form of a laid-down thread can be expressed mathematically by the equation of a modified cycloid when the speed ratio between the feed and the belt is within a certain range. The experimental form is found to be reasonably close to the theoretical form. The theoretical form can be predicted if the radius of the circular coil with the belt stationary, the feed speed, and the belt speed are known, The condition for laying down the thread in a form of overlapping loops is deduced. A strobo-photographic method is used to clarify the existence of different mechanisms under different conditions.     

A Screening Technique for Fabric Handle

An objective screening technique for fabric handle is presented. This method is based on the use of a simple device fitted to a tensile testing machine, and measures the force generated while passing a fabric specimen through a ring. The method proved capable of detecting differences in fabric handle between comparable fabrics, as illustrated by studies on shirting fabrics, and on fabrics with functional finishes. The results were validated by comparison with measurements of fabric mechanical properties obtained from the KESF (Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics). The handle force measurement gives a summed single value result for fabric handle.     

名博论语

以我在电影院观影的效果，我想冯导已大获成功。这是一席丰盛的家常菜，不见鲍鱼鱼翅，却是人人可口，人人可以汲取其营养，而这营养是我们民族长久酿造的营养是我们民族长久酿造的醇酒，每个人下肚后不可能不暖身，更不可能不暖心。——马未都的《唐山大地震》观后感     

Simultaneous kinetic method for the determination of vitamin C, citrate and oxalate employing the Kalman filter

A kinetic method for the determination of vitamin C, citrate and oxalate in their mixture is described. The method involves the use of cerium(IV) as an oxidant and measurement of reaction rates spectrophotometrically by following the decrease in absorbance of cerium(IV) at 410 nm. The adaptive Kalman filter was used for data manipulation and analysis. It is shown that the use of the Kalman filter is superior to the classical differential kinetic methods owing to its suitability for the determination of analytes that react with a single reagent and exhibit a reaction rate constant ratio of less than 1.5. The results obtained were found to be highly precise and accurate even in the presence of some expected interferents.