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91.
Current capabilities of Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) in Eulerian–Lagrangian studies of dispersed flows are limited by the modeling of the Sub-Grid Scale (SGS) turbulence effects on particle dynamics. These effects should be taken into account in order to reproduce accurately the physics of particle dispersion since the LES cut-off filter removes both energy and flow structures from the turbulent flow field. In this paper, we examine the possibility of including explicitly SGS effects by incorporating ad hoc closure models in the Lagrangian equations of particle motion. Specifically, we consider candidate models based on fractal interpolation and approximate deconvolution techniques. Results show that, even when closure models are able to recover the fraction of SGS turbulent kinetic energy for the fluid velocity field (not resolved in LES), prediction of local segregation and, in turn, of near-wall accumulation may still be inaccurate. This failure indicates that reconstructing the correct amount of fluid and particle velocity fluctuations is not enough to reproduce the effect of SGS turbulence on particle near-wall accumulation. 相似文献
92.
A semi-empirical nonlinear model of moisture content and wet-milling quality degradation in com drying is established. The model uncertainty is expressed as a relative error level which includes a pre-specified percentage of experimental data. An optimal control strategy for batch drying is determined which maximizes the dryer throughput, while simultaneously satisfying two quality constraints on the final state: achieving specified moisture content and wet-milling quality levels. Taking into account the model uncertainty results in a conservative but less efficient control strategy. The performance - robustness compromise is discussed. 相似文献
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Ibrahim Burki Cristian Rivas Jeff Hurst Matt Weldon Henry Yeung Jimmy Price Patrick Lysaght P.Y.Hung Raj Jammy 《集成电路应用》2008,(7):36-38
量测平台的复杂性和光学原理上的局限性制约着测量系统的应用,直到真空紫外光谱反射仪的出现,这种状况才得到改变。 相似文献
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Ioan Cristian Trelea Fernanda Fonseca Stéphanie Passot Denis Flick 《Drying Technology》2015,33(15-16):1849-1858
Monitoring partial vapor pressure in the freeze-drying chamber is a cheap, global, and non-intrusive way to assess the end of the primary drying stage. Most existing dynamic freeze-drying models which predict this partial pressure describe mass transfer between the product and the condenser via a mass transfer resistance or a mass transfer coefficient. Experimental evidence suggests that such models can be significantly in error for some values of the sublimation flux, leading to physically inconsistent predictions and possibly incorrect assessment of primary drying termination, with potential risk of product damage if moving to secondary drying and increasing shelf temperature while some ice is still present. Assuming a binary gas transport model for vapor and inert gas leads to improved and consistent predictions and explains the apparent variation of the mass transfer resistance with total pressure, shelf temperature, and product sublimation area. 相似文献
98.
Andrei Mocan Dan Cristian Vodnar Laurian Vlase Ovidiu Cri?an Ana-Maria Gheldiu Gianina Cri?an 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(9):21109-21127
Aerial parts of Veronica species are used in Romanian traditional medicine for the treatment of various conditions like kidney diseases, cough, and catarrh, and are known for their wound-healing properties. In the present study, the phenolic and sterolic content and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of three Veronica species (Plantaginaceae), V. officinalis L., V. teucrium L. and V. orchidea Crantz, were studied. The identification and quantification of several phenolic compounds and phytosterols were performed using LC/MS techniques and the main components were p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, luteoline, hispidulin and β-sitosterol. More than that, hispidulin, eupatorin and eupatilin were detected for the first time in the Veronica genus. Nevertheless, representatives of the Veronica genus were never investigated in terms of their phytosterol content. The antioxidant potential investigated by Trolox equivelents antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and EPR spectroscopy revealed that V. officinalis and V. orchidea extracts presented similar antioxidant capacities, whilst the values registered for V. teucrium extract are lower. Regarding the antimicrobial activity of the investigated species, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii were the most sensitive strains with MIC values between 3.9 and 15.62 mg/mL. The results obtained by this study may serve to promote better use of representatives from the genus Veronica as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. 相似文献
99.
Thioether Analogues of Disulfide‐Bridged Cyclic Peptides Targeting Death Receptor 5: Conformational Analysis,Dimerisation and Consequences for Receptor Activation 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Karolina Pulka‐Ziach Dr. Valeria Pavet Neila Chekkat Dr. Karine Estieu‐Gionnet Roman Rohac Dr. Marie‐Charlotte Lechner Dr. Cristian R. Smulski Dr. Gabrielle Zeder‐Lutz Dr. Danièle Altschuh Dr. Hinrich Gronemeyer Prof. Dr. Sylvie Fournel Dr. Benoit Odaert Dr. Gilles Guichard 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2015,16(2):293-301
Cyclic peptides containing redox‐stable thioether bridges might provide a useful alternative to disulfide‐bridged bioactive peptides. We report the effect of replacing the disulfide bridge with a lanthionine linkage in a 16‐mer cyclic peptide that binds to death receptor 5 (DR5, TRAIL‐R2). Upon covalent oligomerisation, the disulfide‐bridged peptide has previously shown similar behaviour to that of TNF‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), by selectively triggering the DR5 cell death pathway. The structural and biological properties of the DR5‐binding peptide and its desulfurised analogue were compared. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) data suggest that these peptides bind DR5 with comparable affinities. The same holds true for dimeric versions of these peptides: the thioether is able to induce DR5‐mediated apoptosis of BJAB lymphoma and tumorigenic BJELR cells, albeit to a slightly lower extent compared to its disulfide homologue. NMR analysis revealed subtle variation in the conformations of the two peptides and suggests that the thioether peptide is slightly less folded than its disulfide homologue. These observations could account for the different capability of the two dimers to cluster DR5 receptors on the cell surface and to trigger apoptosis. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the thioether peptide is a potential candidate for evaluation in animal models. 相似文献
100.
Gonzalo Guillén‐Gosálbez Fernando D. Mele Ignacio E. Grossmann 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2010,56(3):650-667
In this article, we address the design of hydrogen supply chains for vehicle use with economic and environmental concerns. Given a set of available technologies to produce, store, and deliver hydrogen, the problem consists of determining the optimal design of the production‐distribution network capable of satisfying a predefined hydrogen demand. The design task is formulated as a bi‐criterion mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) problem, which simultaneously accounts for the minimization of cost and environmental impact. The environmental impact is measured through the contribution to climate change made by the hydrogen network operation. The emissions considered in the analysis are those associated with the entire life cycle of the process, and are quantified according to the principles of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). To expedite the search of the Pareto solutions of the problem, we introduce a bi‐level algorithm that exploits its specific structure. A case study that addresses the optimal design of the hydrogen infrastructure needed to fulfill the expected hydrogen demand in Great Britain is introduced to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed approach. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010 相似文献