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81.
The aim of this paper is to present a methodology to generate a partially subadditive (respectively superadditive) discount function starting from an entirely subadditive (respectively superadditive) discount model. To do this, we are going to use the concept of deformation of time in a discount function, focusing on Stevens' power law. A deformation of time is a function that mathematically represents the perception from an individual or a group of individuals about how the calendar time evolves. This approach will be important when describing the treatment of addictions and other diseases in patients who show a certain degree of impulsivity in their intertemporal choice. 相似文献
82.
Marcos J. López Fernández Jorge Guzón Fernández Sergio Ríos Aguilar Blanca Salazar Selvi Rubén González Crespo 《Expert systems with applications》2013,40(11):4478-4489
This paper presents an improved attendance control system, required for continuous evaluation which has become compulsory following the Bologna Process. It provides a solution based on NFC technology and is based on a real project developed and pilot tested at the “Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Campus Madrid”. 相似文献
83.
Vincenza Ferraro Ruben Ferreira Jorge Isabel B. Cruz Filipa Antunes Bruno Sarmento Paula M. L. Castro Manuela E. Pintado 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2014,49(1):27-33
This study reports on the intestinal permeability of salt‐containing mixtures of amino acids extracted from codfish salting wastewater. Permeability was evaluated in vitro using the Caco‐2 cell line model; cell integrity during exposure to mixtures of amino acids was estimated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). The effect of salt (NaCl) on the permeability and on the intestinal cell's integrity was also examined. Permeation rate (i.e. transport) was ≥95% for all amino acids except for creatine, for which it was 6%. Values for apparent permeability coefficients, Papp > 10?5 cm s?1, for mixture with isotonic concentration of NaCl suggest that amino acids are very likely to be absorbed in humans. Mixture with a hypertonic level of NaCl exerts a cytotoxic effect in intestinal cells resulting in a loss of epithelium integrity. Results show that isotonic mixture of amino acids extracted from codfish salting wastewater could be used in food, feed, cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. These applications could contribute to the fish industry sustainability. 相似文献
84.
Viviane Oliveira Soares Francisco Carlos Serbena Gabriel dos Santos Oliveira Crislaine da Cruz Robson Ferrari Muniz Edgar Dutra Zanotto 《Ceramics International》2021,47(4):4707-4714
Transparent and translucent glass-ceramics (GCs) are found in an increasing number of domestic and high-technology applications. In this paper, we evaluated and optimized the effects of two-stage heat treatments on the resulting crystalline phases and microstructure of a glass of the SiO2–Li2O–P2O5–TiO2–CaO–ZnO–Al2O3 system. The objective was to develop a transparent nanostructured glass-ceramic (GC). After numerous heat treatment trials, we found that a long nucleation period of 72 h at 455 °C followed by a crystal growth treatment at 660 °C for 2 h resulted in a highly translucent GC having homogenously distributed nanocrystals. The relatively high amount of P2O5 (2.5 mol%) induced the formation of lithium disilicate as the main crystal phase. We thus developed a GC having crystals under 50 nm, with a high crystallized fraction (52%vol. Li2Si2O5 and 26% vol Li2SiO3), transmittance of approximately 80% in the visible spectrum for 1.2 mm thick specimens, nano hardness of 8.7 ± 0.1 GPa (load of 400 mN), a high elastic modulus of 138 ± 3 GPa as measured by nanoindentation, and good flexural strength (350 ± 40 MPa) as measured by ball-on-3 balls tests. Due to its high content of Li+, this GC has the potential to be chemically strengthened and can be further developed to be used in a number of applications, such as on displays of electronic devices. 相似文献
85.
J. Oliva C. Gomez-Solis J.A. Pinedo Escobar M.A. Vallejo D. Garcia de la Cruz C.R. Garcia E. Puentes-Prado 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(11):7926-7938
This work reports the performance of TiO2/BiI3 and TiO2/PbI2 nanocomposites for hydrogen generation. BiI3 and PbI2 quantum dots (QDs) were grown on TiO2 (P25 Degussa) using a fast injection method. According to the analysis by X-ray diffraction, the nanocomposites have a mixture of anatase, rutile and cubic phases from TiO2, BiI3 and PbI2. The images obtained from transmission electron microscopy revealed that the TiO2 support have sizes in the range of 70–220 nm while the QDs of BiI3 and PbI2 (co-catalysts) grown on TiO2 have sizes in the range of 12–17 nm. The presence of these iodides on TiO2 created oxygen vacancies defects (confirmed by photoluminescence measurements) that extended the light absorption of TiO2 from the UV to the VIS range. According to the results from the photocatalytic experiments for hydrogen generation (achieved using pure water and UV-VIS light), the hydrogen generation rates produced by the TiO2/BiI3 and TiO2/PbI2 nanocomposites were 437–580 times, 81–108 times and 21–30 times, higher than these for pure TiO2, PbI2 and BiI3, respectively. The maximum hydrogen generation rates of the TiO2/BiI3 and TiO2/PbI2 nanocomposites were 290.7 and 219.2 μmol h?1 g?1, respectively. In addition, the TiO2/BiI3 and TiO2/PbI2 nanocomposites contained defects that acted as electron trapping centers, which in turn, delayed the electron-hole recombination and this favored the photocatalytic generation of H2. Moreover, the heterojunction formed between the TiO2 and the iodides allowed the transfer of electrons from the conduction band of TiO2 toward the conduction band of the iodides, creating a “sink” for the electrons which delayed the electron hole recombination. The results presented here demonstrated that the deposition of iodide co-catalyst on TiO2 is a feasible option to enhance the hydrogen generation. 相似文献
86.
Miguelina Vasquez‐Ortega Mauricio Ortega Juan Morales M Guadalupe Olayo Guillermo J Cruz Roberto Olayo 《Polymer International》2014,63(12):2023-2029
Polypyrrole hollow nanoparticles were prepared by atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization. The structure of the nanoparticles was studied using Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopies and atomic force microscopy. In contrast to low‐pressure plasma polymerization of pyrrole, which can produce films and solid nanoparticles, we obtained two types of hollow nanoparticles: a fraction with single spherical core and another with a core composed of small bubbles. Thermal characterization allowed us to determine that the nanoparticles are composed of highly crosslinked polymer. A mechanism that explains the formation of both types of hollow nanoparticles as well as solid nanoparticles is proposed. Chemical characterization shows that, in addition to the expected chemical structures due to pyrrole polymerization, the high energy of the plasma at atmospheric pressure produces intense dehydrogenation and oxidation processes. The fluorescence spectrum of the nanoparticles, however, shows a peak at 482 nm indicating that some degree of π‐conjugation is present in the material. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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89.
This study underscores the importance of adopting integrated parking management policies that ensure not only more rational use of the available parking spaces, evenly balancing supply and demand and bringing in revenues to cover the parking facilities costs, but also the improved attractiveness of alternative transportation modes. Parking supply and demand flows within the UC campus are estimated. The results indicate that the parking facility is underpriced and that there is overcrowding. To reflect critically on these issues and identify research areas to address their socioeconomic implications, a survey regarding the characterization of campus commuters and their travel options is presented. Logistic regression modelling is applied to determine the relative importance of UC campus commuters’ attributes in their level of willingness to pay to have reserved parking on the campus. Finally, some policy proposals are discussed. 相似文献
90.
Pablo F. Salazar Satish Kumar Baratunde A. Cola 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2014,44(2):325-336
Thermo-electrochemical cells (or thermocells) convert thermal energy to electricity in continuous operation based on a balance of ion conduction and redox reactions at hot and cold electrodes. In this study, the fundamental governing equations for mass and heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and electrokinetics in thermocells are presented and solved numerically using COMSOL. A parametric study is performed to explore the limitations and optimal cell dimensions for maximum energy conversion efficiency in thermocells. Series-stacking designs are demonstrated to have the potential to increase conversion efficiency by 100 % compared to a single cell configuration. Natural convection is shown to significantly increase the conversion efficiency of thermocells with conventional aqueous electrolyte (0.4 M potassium ferri/ferrocyanide), by compressing the diffusive boundary layers. A flow cell thermocell design is also considered. Results reveal that the ohmic resistance of the electrolyte limits the energy conversion efficiency of this design. 相似文献