Effect of angle of incidence on the combined erosion-oxidation attack of nickel and cobalt

The combined erosion-oxidation of cobalt and nickel at 600 and 780°C over a range of particle-impact angles has been studied by using weight change vs. time measurements and extensive morphological and microstructural characterization of exposed specimens. The oxidation process has been found to affect the angular dependence of the degradation rates. The effect is especially significant at low-impact angles where ripples and flakes are developed upon the surfaces of specimens.     

Widhelm and Lessing Revisited: An Alternative Markovian Model for Processing Systems with Imperfect Review

An earlier model due to Widhelm and Lessing [10] is discussed briefly. Some criticisms are advanced, indicating that it does not represent adequately situations that may be found in industry. The model is shown to be a derivative of a more general “super model” which is unlikely to be workable in practice. A simpler alternative is developed. A verification exercise is reported for this latter alternative, based on data from a pharmaceutical organization, and some uses of the model are indicated, based on data from a company in the aerospace industry.     

Relationship between values, social class, and duration of psychotherapy.

Investigated the relationship between values, social class, and duration of psychotherapy of 249 patients and 104 therapists at a moderate-cost outpatient clinic in New York City. Values were measured by the Strong Vocational Interest Blank, Ways to Live scale, Study of Values, and the Optimal Personality Integration Scale. Lower-class patients tended to be more authoritarian-submissive than upper-class patients. The significant linear relationship indicated that the lower the social class and the higher (more authoritarian-submissive) the patient's score relative to his therapist, the longer the duration of treatment. It is postulated that authoritarian-submissive patients might tend to remain in therapy precisely because of this quality. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Anality and time.

Constructed a Time Scale (TS) of 40 items to ascertain the ways in which time may have special meaning and/or may serve to organize an individual's experience. The TS and other scales were administered to 91 undergraduates. The TS had significant correlations of .643 with the Composite Anality Scale, .507 with the Grygier Anality Scale, and -.316 with the Grygier Spontaneity Scale. All correlations were in the predicted direction. Results were in accord with the psychoanalytic formulation of the anal character, which makes it possible to relate the intensity of certain character traits to an individual's estimation of the importance of time. (16 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

燃料电池用质子交换膜的发展方向

从Nafion膜的结构与性能的关系出发，主要分析了含水量、分子结构以及膜的微观结构和酸度对质子电导率的影响，指出了Nafion膜待克服的问题如高温电导率低，甲醇渗透性大，提出了质子交换膜以后的发展方向，包括Nafion膜的修饰与改性，含氟高分子作为主链接枝带有磺酸的支链，有机聚硅氧烷主链接枝烷基磺酸质子交换膜．     

Properties of Ge-doped GaAs and Alx Ga1−xAs,Sn-doped Alx Ga1−xAs and Si-Te-doped GaAs

In order to better understand the electrical and optical properties of GaAs and Al_xGa_1-x As used in making double heterojunction lasers, we have studied the Hall coefficient, resistivity and photoluminescence behavior of doped epitaxial samples of these materials. In particular, we report results on Ge-doped GaAs and Al_x Ga_1-x As, Sn-doped Al_xGa_1-x As and Si-Te-doped GaAs single crystal layers which were grown on GaAs substrates by the liquid phase epitaxial method. The effects of impurities in the solution on the carrier concentration, mobility, photoluminescence spectra and possible recombination processes in these layers are discussed.     

Discipline responses: Influences of parents' socioeconomic status, ethnicity, beliefs about parenting, stress, and cognitive-emotional processes.

Direct and indirect precursors to parents' harsh discipline responses to hypothetical vignettes about child misbehavior were studied with data from 978 parents (59% mothers; 82% European American and 16% African American) of 585 kindergarten-aged children. SEM analyses showed that parents' beliefs about spanking and child aggression and family stress mediated a negative relation between socioeconomic status and discipline. In turn, perception of the child and cognitive-emotional processes (hostile attributions, emotional upset, worry about child's future, available alternative disciplinary strategies, and available preventive strategies) mediated the effect of stress on discipline. Similar relations between ethnicity and discipline were found (African Americans reported harsher discipline), especially among low-income parents. Societally based experiences may lead some parents to rely on accessible and coherent goals in their discipline, whereas others are more reactive. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reducing the oil content in coated and deep‐fried chicken using whey protein

Whey protein has been investigated for its oil barrier properties in fried foods. Whey protein has been implemented successfully non‐film forming applications to reduce the fat content of deep‐fried chicken. As a 10% postbreading dip, whey protein solutions significantly lowered oil absorption of boneless patties by 37% compared to undipped controls. In bone‐in chicken thighs, 10% whey protein postbreading dip caused a 15% reduction in oil absorption during frying which was doubled by 10% β‐lactoglobulin postbreading dip at pH 2. A 30% lipid reduction was observed in deep‐fried battered and floured chicken strips when the strips were dipped in a 10% solution of denatured whey protein prior to frying compared to control chicken strips. When added to the batter of deep‐fried chicken nuggets, a significant fat reduction was observed for nuggets to which 3% whey protein was added to the batter compared to the control. In chicken strips that were marinated in a 15% solution of whey protein, a 35% fat reduction was observed. In spite of these results, questions that still remain. These studies have been undertaken in fully cooked products, not in raw coated or par‐fried products. The impact of rethermalization method is not known. Only preliminary research on the impact of WPI on the frying oil with respect to the formation of polar materials has been undertaken. On the positive side, the processes for introducing whey protein as an oil inhibition agent utilize processing steps that are already very common, e.g. incorporation into the batter or a marinade. Whey protein has the potential to be employed as an oil inhibiting agent in fried foods especially as it is relatively inexpensive and easy to come by.     

Comparison of the Failures during Cyclic Oxidation of Yttria-Stabilized (7 to 8 Weight Percent) Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings Fabricated <Emphasis Type="Italic">via</Emphasis> Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition and Air Plasma Spray

The failures during oxidation of electron beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD) and air plasma spray (APS) yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on different bond coats, namely, platinum-modified aluminide and NiCoCrAlY, are described. It is shown that oxidation of the bond coats, along with defects existing near the TBC/bond coat interface, plays a very important role in TBC failures. Procedures to improve TBC performance via modifying the oxidation characteristics of the bond coats and removing the as-processed defects are discussed. The influence of exposure conditions on TBC lives is described and factors such as cycle frequency and thermal gradients are discussed.