糠醛生产与热电联合处理糠醛废渣模式探讨

糠醛废渣问题是制约我国糠醛行业发展的瓶颈。本文运用工业协作的基本原理,对糠醛生产和热电联合处理糠醛废渣模式进行了分析探讨,对于有效解决糠醛废渣问题及糠醛行业和其它行业实践生态工业具有积极的意义。     

油达防除冬季移栽油菜田杂草试验

油达(10%异丙酯草醚乳油)或加增效剂混用对冬季移栽油菜田防治禾本科日本看麦娘和阔叶杂草繁缕、雀舌草都有明显效果。在适时施用、方法恰当的前提下,每667m2用油达40 ml或油达30ml加增效剂3g,一次用药即能有效地控制油菜田全生育期杂草的危害,综合防效可达到85%左右,且安全性好。     

Dose and enantiospecific responses of white pine cone beetles,Conophthorus coniperda,to alpha-Pinene in an eastern white pine seed orchard

The white pine cone beetle, Conophthorus coniperda, exhibited dose and enantiospecific responses to -pinene in stands of mature eastern white pine, Pinus strobus, in a seed orchard near Murphy, North Carolina, USA. (–)--Pinene significantly increased catches of cone beetles to traps baited with (± )-trans-pityol. (+)--Pinene did not increase catches of beetles to pityol-baited traps and interrupted the response of beetles to traps baited with (±)-trans-pityol and (–)--pinene. Maximal attraction of cone beetles to pityol-baited traps was obtained with lures releasing (–)--pinene at a rate of 103 mg/day at 23^°C. Lures releasing (–)--pinene at rates lower or higher than 103 mg/day resulted in reduced catches to traps baited with (±)-trans-pityol. The sex ratio in all catches was heavily male biased. Attraction of the clerid predator, Thanasimus dubius, to traps baited with (±)-trans-pityol increased significantly with the presence of -pinene, irrespective of enantiomeric composition. Maximal attraction of T. dubius to pityol-baited traps occurred with devices releasing (–)--pinene at the highest rate tested, 579 mg/d at 23^°C, a sub optimal rate for cone beetles.     

Minor components in the sex pheromone of legume podborer: Maruca vitrata development of an attractive blend

The legume podborer, Maruca vitrata (syn. M. testulalis) (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a pantropical pest of legume crops. Sex pheromone was collected by gland extraction or trapping of volatiles from virgin female moths originating in India, West Africa, or Taiwan. Analysis by GC-EAG and GC-MS confirmed previously published findings that (E,E)-10,12- hexadecadienal is the most abundant EAG-active component with 2–5% of (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienol also present. At least one other EAG response was detected at retention times typical of monounsaturated hexadecenals or tetradecenyl acetates, but neither could be detected by GC-MS. Laboratory wind-tunnel bioassays and a field bioassay of blends of (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal with (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienol and a range of monounsaturated hexadecenal and tetradecenyl acetate isomers indicated greatest attraction of males was to those including (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienol and (E)-10-hexadecenal as minor components. In subsequent trapping experiments in cowpea fields in Benin, traps baited with a three-component blend of (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal and these two minor components in a 100:5:5 ratio caught significantly more males than traps baited with the major component alone, either two-component blend, or virgin female moths. Further blend optimization experiments did not produce a more attractive blend. No significant differences in catches were found between traps baited with polyethylene vials or rubber septa, or between lures containing 0.01 and 0.1 mg of synthetic pheromone. Significant numbers of female M. vitrata moths, up to 50% of total catches, were trapped with synthetic blends but not with virgin females. At present there is no clear explanation for this almost unprecedented finding, but the phenomenon may improve the predictive power of traps for population monitoring.     

新农药防治粘虫、草地螟试验

杀虫单、甲基辛硫磷和复方喹硫磷是近年来开发的新杀虫剂。为了扩大杀虫谱,从1983～1985年我们对吉林省的主要害虫粘虫和草地螟进行了药效试验,取得了初步效果,现将结果整理如下。一、材料与方法1.供试药剂:杀虫单原粉(含量81.32%),贵州省化工所合成并提供;48%甲基辛硫磷乳油,天津市农药厂提供,30%复方喹硫磷乳油,浙江省嘉兴市农药厂提供。对照药剂     

化学工业与循环经济

现代化学工业在很大程度上成就了目前"大规模生产和大规模消费"的发展模式,其行业性质也决定了它必将在循环经济建设中扮演重要的角色。在阐述循环经济内涵和国际经验基础上,论述了绿色化学与循环经济的关系,并提出了一些初步的发展建议。     

高矫顽力磁带快速复制用MIG磁头的研究

本文对铁氧体磁头在高矫顽力磁带上进行录制时磁头极尖的磁性饱和对信号录制造成的影响进行了讨论;介绍了在锰锌铁氧磁芯上溅射铁镍(FeNi)膜制作用于高矫顽力磁带复制的 MIG 磁头的研究结果。实验表明,溅射 FeNi 膜 MIG 磁头即使在较窄的缝隙长度时也可防止极尖饱和,提高磁头的短波长记录特性     

用矩形钢丝制造全钢载重无内胎子午线轮胎钢丝圈

介绍了用矩形钢丝制造的斜底 15°矩形钢丝圈特点及生产工艺 ,并对我国轮胎制造业及国家有关部门提出了几点建议。与用挂胶圆形钢丝制造的斜底 15°六角形钢丝圈相比 ,用矩形钢丝制造的斜底 15°矩形钢丝圈具有轮胎行驶时各层钢丝受力均匀、能以较小的横截面积获得与斜底 15°六角形钢丝圈相等的承载力、可简化全钢载重无内胎子午线轮胎胎圈的制造工艺等优点。建议国家有关部门尽快制定矩形钢丝的行业或国家技术标准以及斜底 15°矩形钢丝圈的生产技术标准。     

挠性转子磁力轴承系统LQ最优控制研究

在高温气冷堆氦气透平发电系统（HTR—IOGT）的相似性模拟实验装置AMB—PⅡ上,开展针对磁力轴承支承下挠性转子系统的优化控制研究。采用离散质量的集总参数法建立了相应转子动力学模型,通过适当模态截断简化获得了转子系统的状态方程。研究了LQ最优控制方法,分析了权重参数的选择对控制器的影响。仿真实验表明,输出反馈LQ结合相位补偿的控制器,具有物理意义清晰、系统结构简单和参数易于调节等优点。在AMB—PⅡ实验台架上不仅实现了转子的稳定悬浮,而且能够有效地抑制转子的高阶挠性模态振动,使转子顺利通过了二阶挠性临界转速,最高达到450Hz。该方法的研究为今后高温气冷堆氦气透平工程的磁力轴承实际应用提供了良好的设计参考。     

基于小波包分析的旋转机械故障诊断研究

故障信号的特征提取,是故障诊断的关键。通过以德比契斯（Daubechies）小波为基函数的二进小波变换、采用Mallat快速算法的小波包对故障信号进行特征提取。利用小波包对实验数据进行分析,其结果具有良好的时频局部化特性,能对非线性信号进行有效识别。