Effects of Tearing Conditions on the Crack Propagation in a Monolayer Graphene Sheet

The path of crack propagation in a graphene sheet is significant for graphene patterning via the tearing approach. In this study, we evaluate the fracture properties of pre-cracked graphene during the tearing process, with consideration of the effects of the aspect ratio, loading speed, loading direction, and ambient temperatures on the crack propagation in the monolayer sheet. Some remarkable conclusions are drawn based on the molecular dynamic simulation results, i.e., a higher loading speed may result in a complicated path of crack propagation, and the propagation of an armchair crack may be accompanied by sp carbon links at high temperatures. The reason for this is that the stronger thermal vibration reduces the load stress difference near the crack tip and, therefore, the crack tip can pass through the sp link. A crack propagates more easily along the zigzag direction than along the armchair direction. The out-of-plane tearing is more suitable than the in-plane tearing for graphene patterning. The path of crack propagation can be adjusted by changing the loading direction, e.g., a rectangular graphene ribbon can be produced by oblique tearing. This new understanding will benefit the application of graphene patterning via the tearing approach.     

基于矩阵束方法的传输线系统瞬态响应分析

带有频变负载的传输线系统的瞬态响应分析是电磁兼容领域的一个重要内容,特别是对于频变负载网络较为复杂或内部结构不清晰的情况,其瞬态响应的分析较为困难。本文首先在采样频率点处对频变负载端口导纳进行测量或计算得到相应的采样导纳,并采用有理函数逼近的方式对端口导纳进行等效;之后采用矩阵束(MPM)方法求解出有理逼近函数所需的极点和留数,并将其代入到分段线性递归卷积(PLRC)技术中,实现传输线和频变负载连接点处电压的分段线性递归卷积表达;最后,结合传输线方程实现带有频变负载的传输线系统的瞬态响应分析,并通过2个算例对所提方法的性能进行验证。结果表明,所提方法在计算精确度上具有明显的优势。     

Processing,Quality,Safety,and Acceptance of Meat Analogue Products

Rapid global population growth has caused an increasing need for products containing protein.Meat products are the most common high-protein food source,but impa...     

逻辑阀概述

对逻辑阀的特性、参数进行了总结,介绍了逻辑阀的使用方法和注意事项.     

关井阶段CO2作储气库垫层气的动态影响规律

目的为应对地下储气库中的垫层气损失,采用经济气体CO₂作为垫层气,目前,CO₂作垫层气在实际应用中存在各种条件限制,且对其在关井阶段的应用研究较少,有必要对在关井阶段CO₂作垫层气对天然气储气库的运行影响因素进行研究。 方法利用有限元模拟CO₂作储气库垫层气时,研究关井阶段储气库动态参数(注气压力、注气速率和CO₂垫层气比例)对混气带的影响规律。 结果注气压力对混气带的影响不大,将其控制在12 MPa左右最为合理,此时混气带占储气面积的比例为23.731 5%;混气带面积占比随注气速率的增大而减小,但是在注气口附近会出现混合区域,导致回采天然气时出现大量的混合气体,所以注气速率控制在0.7×10⁸ m³/d时最为合理,这时混气带面积占比为18.324 6%;CO₂作垫层气的比例对天然气-CO₂之间的混合影响明显,当CO₂垫层气比例为20%时,混气带面积占比为7.236 5%。 结论根据实验结果设计针对混气带的控制措施,当注气压力控制为12 MPa时,注气速率为0.7×10⁸ m³/d,当CO₂垫层气比例为20%时,能让储气库的运作更为经济,实验结果可为实际储气库的建设提供参考。      

基于响应曲面法的超临界CO2萃取油基钻屑油相工艺优化

目的对超临界CO₂萃取油基钻屑中油相工艺参数进行优化。 方法采用响应曲面法对影响超临界CO₂萃取工艺的重要参数进行具体实验并根据实验结果进行数值模拟,通过模拟得出萃取时间、压力、温度和超临界CO₂流量等参数的优化数据。 结果响应曲面分析了各变量之间对萃取效果的影响,基于萃取数据建立了二次多项式模型,能够较好地拟合实验结果,得出最佳萃取条件为萃取压力25 MPa、温度323.15 K、时间90 min和流量25.0 L/h。 结论通过具体实验数据结合响应曲面法得出了最佳萃取条件,在该条件下油类最大去除率为95.22%。利用气相色谱仪-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析萃取物前后性状未发生明显变化,该方法能够更好地实现固液分离和资源回收。      

Two comparable Ba-MOFs with similar linkers for enhanced CO2 capture and separation by introducing N-rich groups

Two new different metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)[Ba(L1)(H2O)2]n·nH2O (MOF 1) and[Ba(L2)(-H2O)2]n·0.5nDMF·0.5nH2O (MOF 2) were yielded by the assembly of oxygen...     

冷却工艺对新型高速列车焊接构架用钢组织演变的影响

针对高速列车焊接构架用钢的性能要求,设计了一种低成本的Mn-Cu微合金低碳钢,并对该实验钢的连续冷却转变规律以及冷却工艺对组织演变的影响进行了研究.结果表明,实验钢在较宽的冷速范围(1～30℃/s)内均可以获得先共析铁素体和中温相变组织.冷却速度和卷取温度对最终组织形态和细化有着重要影响,轧制结束后立即加速冷却至500～600℃,再缓冷,可以获得以细小准多边形铁素体、针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体为主的混合组织.经实验室控轧控冷验证了具有该组织形态的12 mm中厚钢板屈服强度可达540 MPa,同时拥有良好的塑性和低温韧性.     

Genome-Wide Identification of TaSAUR Gene Family Members in Hexaploid Wheat and Functional Characterization of TaSAUR66-5B in Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Excessive input of nitrogen fertilizer not only causes a great waste of resources but brings about a series of ecological and environmental problems. Although Small Auxin Up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) participate in diverse biological processes, the function of SAURs in the nitrogen starvation response has not been well-studied. Here, we identified 308 TaSAURs in wheat and divided them into 10 subfamilies. The promoter regions of most TaSAURs contain hormone responsive elements, and their expression levels change under the treatment of different hormones, such as IAA, MeJA, and ABA. Interestingly, overexpression of one of the TaSAUR family members, a nitrogen starvation responsive gene, TaSAUR66-5B, can promote the growth of Arabidopsis and wheat roots. In addition, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in Arabidopsis up-regulates the expression levels of auxin biosynthesis related genes, suggesting that overexpression TaSAUR66-5B may promote root growth by increasing the biosynthesis of auxin. Furthermore, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in wheat can increase the biomass and grain yields of transgenic plants, as well as the nitrogen concentration and accumulation of both shoots and grains, especially under low nitrogen conditions. This study provides important genomic information of the TaSAUR gene family and lays a foundation for elucidating the functions of TaSAURs in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in wheat.     

CALMODULIN1 and WRKY53 Function in Plant Defense by Negatively Regulating the Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway in Arabidopsis

Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important hormone that functions in plant defense. cam1 and wrky53 mutants were more resistant to Spodoptera littoralis than in the wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis group. In addition, JA concentration in cam1 and wrky53 mutants was higher compared with the WT group. To explore how these two proteins affect the resistance of Arabidopsis plants, we used a yeast two-hybrid assay, firefly luciferase complementation imaging assay and in vitro pull-down assay confirming that calmodulin 1 (CAM1) interacted with WRKY53. However, these two proteins separate when calcium concentration increases in Arabidopsis leaf cells. Then, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase activation assay were used to verify that WRKY53 could bind to lipoxygenases 3 (LOX3) and lipoxygenases 4 (LOX4) gene promoters and negatively regulate gene expression. This study reveals that CAM1 and WRKY53 negatively regulate plant resistance to herbivory by regulating the JA biosynthesis pathway via the dissociation of CAM1-WRKY53, then the released WRKY53 binds to the LOXs promoters to negatively regulate LOXs gene expression. This study reveals WRKY53′s mechanism in insect resistance, a new light on the function of WRKY53.