Small crack behavior and fracture of nickel-based superalloy under ultrasonic fatigue

Fracture and small crack behavior in the very high cycle domain of 10⁹ cycles were investigated with a nickel-based superalloy under ultrasonic fatigue in ambient air at room temperature. The influence of ultrasonic frequency is examined by comparing the results with those in conventional low frequency fatigue. It is found that fatigue strength increases as frequency is raised up to 19.5 kHz and the most of fatigue life is consumed in nucleating and propagating small cracks up to 100 μm. Transition of fracture mode from transgranular ductile fracture to cleavage-dominated fracture occurs beyond a critical stress intensity factor range of approximately , leading to the catastrophic failure under ultrasonic fatigue.     

Optimal bounded control of harmonically and stochastically excited strongly nonlinear oscillators

A procedure for designing optimal bounded control to minimize the response of harmonically and stochastically excited strongly nonlinear oscillators is proposed. First, the stochastic averaging method for controlled strongly nonlinear oscillators under combined harmonic and white noise excitations using generalized harmonic functions is introduced. Then, the dynamical programming equation for the control problem of minimizing response of the systems is formulated from the partially completed averaged Itô equations by using the dynamical programming principle. The optimal control law is derived from the dynamical programming equation and control constraint without solving the dynamical programming equation. Finally, the stationary probability density of the amplitude and mean amplitude of the optimally controlled systems are obtained from solving the reduced Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation associated with fully completed averaged Itô equations. An example is given to illustrate the proposed procedure and the results obtained are verified by using those from digital simulation.     

Core-referenced ratiometric fluorescent potassium ion sensors using self-assembled ultrathin films on europium nanoparticles

Nanoengineered fluorescent sensor coatings on colloidal carriers have been developed for use intracellularly. These nanosensors are fabricated via the electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly technique to form ultrathin polyelectrolyte films containing indicators on fluorescent nanoparticles. The fluorescent nanoparticle templates and the fluorescent indicator are chosen such that their optical properties are complementary, enabling the inert nanoparticle templates to serve as internal intensity references for the fluorescent probe. In this work, the potassium ion indicator, potassium-binding benzofuran isophthalate potassium-binding benzofuran isophthalate was immobilized within poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) films assembled on the surface of fluorescent europium nanoparticles. The indicator retains its sensitivity to potassium ions after immobilization within the films and exhibits sensitivity to increases in potassium concentration over a broad range. In addition, the sensors demonstrate excellent leaching stability, with less than 1% of loaded indicator leached after 14 days of wet storage. The core-referenced nanosensor scheme described here is a simple and elegant way to co-immobilize fluorescent indicator and intensity reference within a single nanoscale package, which may be deployed intracellularly; furthermore, the separation of fluorescent indicator from the cellular environment is attractive, as it may prevent complications due to use of liquid-phase fluorescent sensors intracellularly, such as cytotoxicity and probe compartmentalization.     

Thermal Properties Measurement of Micro-electromechanical System Sensors by Digital Moire Method

Abstract:  The thermal properties of a micro-electromechanical system sensor were analysed by a novel digital moiré method. A double-layer micro-cantilever sensor (60  μ m long, 10  μ m width and 2  μ m thick) was prepared by focused ion beam milling. A grating with frequency of 5000 lines mm⁻¹ was etched on the cantilever. The sensor was placed into a scanning electron microscope system with a high temperature device. The observation and recording of the thermal deformation of the grating were realised in real-time as the temperature rose from room temperature to 300 °C at intervals of 50 °C. Digital moiré was generated by interference of the deformed grating and a digital virtual grating. The thermal properties including strain distribution of the sensor and the linear expansion coefficient of polysilicon were accurately measured by the phase-shifted moiré patterns.     

专利战略分析系统的设计与实现

分析了目前专利分析工作的不足，介绍了专利分析的理论基础PM，以及专利战略分析系统的系统框架、总体功能设计、数据库设计、流程设计和实现技术。     

求偶图最大匹配的矩阵算法

深入研究了偶图与其简化邻接矩阵之间的关系，提出了(0，1)—矩阵的无关元对角形概念，利用此概念给出了定理“任一(0，1)—矩阵的项秩与线秩相等”的一种直接简单证明，得到了判断(0，1)—矩阵的无关元集为最大无关元集的充要条件。最后给出了寻找偶图最大匹配的算法——矩阵算法，该算法与匈牙利算法比较具有较高的运算效率和易于在计算机上实现等优点。     

求广义特征向量的一种算法

文章提出了初等相似变换的概念，探讨了如何利用初等相似变换法求一个方阵的Jordan标准形及变换矩阵，进而为求一个方阵的广义特征向量创造了条件。该算法对一些特殊方阵，求它的特征值、各级广义特征向量、Jordan标准形及变换矩阵，比用解方程组方法要简单。     

利用积分球反射法的动态热物性测量装置研制

介绍了利用积分球反射计的脉冲加热技术测量材料热物性的一种方法和测量装置的各组成部分及工作原理。被测的带状试样被一脉冲大电流加热,利用高速高温计测量试样的辐射温度,同时利用积分球反射法获得试样的半球向光谱反射率,进而得到试样的法向光谱发射率、比热、电阻率和全波长半球发射率。该装置具有试样制备简单、测试精度高等优点。     

强化实践教学 注重生产实习环节

本文强调了生产实习重要性,并从实习时间、实习方式、实习基地、指导教师选择等方面着手,谈谈如何加强生产实习环节。     

Zinc Oxide Nanorods and Their Photoluminescence Property

1　IntroductionOne dimensional(1D)nanostructures,suchasnano tubes,nanowires,nanorodsandnanoribbons,haveattractedextraordinaryattentionfortheirpotentialapplicationsindeviceandinterconnectintegrationinnanoelectronicsandmolecularelectronics[1- 4].Thesemiconductingmetalox ideZnOisawideband gap (3.37eV)compoundsemi conductorthatissuitableforblueoptoelectronicapplica tions ,withultravioletlasingactionbeingreportedindisor deredparticlesandthinfilms[5 ].One dimensionalZnOnanostructureshavebeensynthe…