浮选柱串联处理高浓度煤泥水效果初探

分析了浮选作业现状,阐述了浮选入料性质特别是入浮浓度对浮选柱分选效果的影响,提出了采用浮选柱串联解决高浓度浮选的新方法,并通过试验论证了该方法的可行性,对工业现场的浮选作业具有一定的指导意义.     

耐热β-木糖苷酶的构建及在木糖制备中的应用

β-木糖苷酶在完全快速降解木聚糖类半纤维素为木糖的过程中起重要作用.海栖热袍菌(Thermotoga maritima)是一个极端嗜高温厌氧细菌,所产耐热酶类具有非常可观的工业应用前景,但这类酶在大肠杆菌中的表达很低.采用基因重组技术将源自海栖热袍菌的具有阿拉伯糖苷酶活性的耐热β-木糖苷酶基因克隆至表达载体pET-28a,与组氨酸标签融合表达构建重组质粒pET-28a-xyl,然后转化不同大肠杆菌宿主,结果在大肠杆菌BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIL中获得高效表达;重组酶蛋白经诱导表达、破胞和热处理后纯度在90%以上,经Ni2 亲和层析后达电泳纯;用HPLC和TLC检测酶解产物,β-木糖苷酶和木聚糖酶联合水解后,酶解产物主要为木糖,外加阿拉伯糖苷酶后能使其酶解产物中木糖含量明显提高.因此,具有阿拉伯糖苷酶活性的耐热β-木糖苷酶在木糖制备中具有重要的工业应用价值.     

回弹检测法检测混凝土强度相关问题的探讨

本文就当前社会人们对建筑安全水平和质量要求不断提高的背景下,对回弹检测法检测混凝土强度的相关问题进行探讨,并以此推动回弹法检测混凝土强度行业标准的规范化发展进程,希望能够给从事相关行业的工作者提供帮助。     

大豆食品豆腥味研究进展

大豆食品营养丰富,含有多种生理活性物质,但是大豆食品中往往具有不同程度的豆腥味,许多人难以接受,从而限制了大豆食品的发展和广泛食用。本文就大豆食品中豆腥味的来源以及豆腥味的消除方法进行了综述。     

The physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of selected cereals,tubers and legumes grown in China

Digestibility, gelatinization, retrogradation and pasting properties of starch in various cereal, tuber and legume flours were determined. Rapidly and slowly digestible starch and resistant starch were present in 11 selected flours. In general, cereal starches were more digestible than legume starches and tuber starches contained a high amount of resistant starch. Thermal and rheological properties of flours were different depending on the crop source.     

The effect of nitrogen source on yeast metabolism and H2S formation

The impacts of aspartic acid and glutamine used as nitrogen supplements for alcoholic fermentations conducted by Saccharomyces were studied. Synthetic grape juice media and commercially prepared grape juices were supplemented with diammonium phosphate, aspartic acid, or glutamine to increase yeast-assimilable nitrogen concentrations to 250 mg N/L prior to fermentation. Two yeast strains, UCD522 and EC1118, were inoculated at 10⁵ CFU/mL and fermentations were monitored for soluble solids, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), and residual amino acids. In general, unsupplemented media/juices fermented slower than supplemented ones, produced more H₂S, and contained lower concentrations of amino acids after fermentation. Among the supplemented treatments, fermentation rates, H₂S production, and amino acid utilization varied depending on the nitrogen source and yeast strain. Those fermentations supplemented with aspartic acid were generally slower and sometimes did not achieve dryness. In contrast, glutamine additions yielded fermentation rates and H₂S production equivalent or better than other supplemented treatments. Based on these results, the use of glutamine appears promising as an alternative nitrogen supplement for wine production.     

Novel Ag-AgBr decorated composite membrane for dye rejection and photodegradation under visible light

Photocatalytic membranes have received increasing attention due to their excellent separation and photodegradation of organic contaminants in wastewater. Herein, we bound Ag-AgBr nanoparticles onto a synthesized polyacrylonitrile-ethanolamine (PAN-ETA) membrane with the aid of a chitosan (CS)-TiO₂ layer via vacuum filtration and in-situ partial reduction. The introduction of the CS-TiO₂ layer improved surface hydrophilicity and provided attachment sites for the Ag-AgBr nanoparticles. The PAN-ETA/CS-TiO₂/Ag-AgBr photocatalytic membranes showed a relatively high water permeation flux (~ 47 L·m^–2·h^–1·bar^–1) and dyes rejection (methyl orange: 88.22%; congo red: 95%; methyl blue: 97.41%; rose bengal: 99.98%). Additionally, the composite membranes exhibited potential long-term stability for dye/salt separation (dye rejection: ~97%; salt rejection: ~6.5%). Moreover, the methylene blue and rhodamine B solutions (20 mL, 10 mg·L⁻¹) were degraded approximately 90.75% and 96.81% in batch mode via the synthesized photocatalytic membranes under visible light irradiation for 30 min. This study provides a feasible method for the combination of polymeric membranes and inorganic catalytic materials.     

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts alleviate oxidative stress and ER stress in skeletal muscle of low‐dose streptozotocin‐ and high‐carbohydrate/high‐fat diet‐induced diabetic rats

Although ER stress in pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue was reported to be a novel event linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is much less information on this event in skeletal muscle. Some studies indicated that treatment with antioxidants had beneficial effects on ER stress and diabetes. This study focuses on the effects of a strong antioxidant, grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE), on skeletal muscle in diabetic rats induced with low dose streptozotocin‐ and a high‐carbohydrate/high‐fat diet. After 16 wk of GSPE treatment, diabetic rats showed decreased plasma glucose levels and insulin resistance. The efficacious effect of GSPE was manifested by the amelioration of muscular damage and dysfunction, as observed by histological examination and periodic acid Schiff staining. Concurrently, calcium overload and the abnormal activities of antioxidant enzymes and ATPases in diabetic muscles were partially reversed by GSPE treatment. GSPE also increased the activity of protein kinase B (a mediator of insulin's metabolic action) and partially alleviated severe ER stress. These findings suggest that GSPE may have auxiliary therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus by decreasing oxidative stress and ER stress in skeletal muscle.     

Effects of Bacillus subtilis natto on performance and immune function of preweaning calves

The effects of Bacillus subtilis natto on performance and immune function of dairy calves during the preweaning phase were investigated in this study. Twelve Holstein male calves 7 ± 1 d of age were randomly allotted to 2 treatments of 6 calves. The Bacillus subtilis natto was mixed with milk and fed directly to the calves. The calves were weaned when their starter intake reached 2% of their weight. Blood was collected and IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and cytokine levels in the serum of all the calves were determined. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis natto increased general performance by improving the average daily gain and feed efficiency and advanced the weaning age of the calves. No difference was observed in serum IgE, IgA, and IgM, whereas serum IgG was higher in the Bacillus subtilis natto-supplemented calves than in the control calves. Furthermore, calves fed with Bacillus subtilis natto were found to secrete more IFN-γ, but tended to produce less IL-4 than did the control calves, although serum IL-6 and IL-10 were not affected. This study demonstrated that Bacillus subtilis natto did not stimulate IgE-mediated allergic reactions, but increased serum IgG and IFN-γ levels in the probiotic-fed calves. We propose that the viable probiotic characteristics of Bacillus subtilis natto benefit calf immune function.     

植物甾醇对其凝胶化大豆油结构稳定性和热氧化特性的影响

研究植物甾醇凝胶剂(β-谷甾醇与γ-谷维素质量比2:3)对大豆油凝胶网络结构及氧化特性的影响.结果表明,在植物甾醇凝胶剂添加量为2％～10％(质量分数)时,6％及以上的凝胶化大豆油的G′始终大于G″,说明体系已形成稳定的类固体凝胶结构.偏振光显微镜显示,6％凝胶化大豆油在45℃贮藏10 d时,呈现规则且紧密的聚集态,其...