响应面法优化甘蔗菠萝复合型果酒的酿造工艺

以甘蔗和菠萝为原料制作复合型果酒,以感官评价为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面法优化甘蔗菠萝复合型果酒的酿造工艺。结果表明,甘蔗菠萝复合型果酒的最佳酿造工艺为：甘蔗汁与菠萝汁配比1∶2（V/V）、白砂糖添加量225 g/L、发酵时间7 d、酵母接种量100 g/L、发酵温度26 ℃。在此优化条件下,甘蔗菠萝复合型果酒色泽金黄,澄清透明,感官评分为96.5分,酒精度为10.84%vol,pH值为4.13,糖度为10 °Bx,浊度值为57.9 JTU,细菌总数为75个/mL,其品质指标均符合国家相关标准。     

新疆产区小芒森葡萄酒香气品质特性研究

小芒森是酿造天然甜酒的理想品种,该研究选用新疆五家渠、玛纳斯地区以及山东烟台地区的小芒森葡萄果实酿造的葡萄酒为材料,利用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对小芒森葡萄酒中的香气物质组成进行定性、定量分析。结果表明,小芒森葡萄酒香气物质的种类和含量受地区的影响,地区间差异主要体现在醇类和酯类的种类和含量上,新疆产区小芒森葡萄酒醇类和酯类总体都高于山东烟台地区,可达1 500 mg/L以上,赋予了葡萄酒丰富的水果香气。其次新疆产区的共性香气物质为乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丁酯、癸酸乙酯、己酸异戊酯、癸酸。根据这些结果,反映出小芒森葡萄酒在新疆产区所具有的香气特性,这将为提高新疆产区小芒森葡萄酒香气品质提供一定的理论基础。     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取黑加仑多酚工艺及其抗氧化活性分析

为提高黑加仑多酚的提取效率,采用乙醇溶液作为提取溶剂,超声波辅助对黑加仑果中多酚进行提取。通过单因素实验考察了乙醇体积分数、超声波功率、提取时间、料液比对黑加仑果多酚提取量的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,结合响应面试验优化提取工艺,并对黑加仑果多酚的抗氧化活性进行分析。结果表明:响应面法得到的黑加仑果多酚最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数50%,超声波功率300 W,提取时间20 min,料液比1:10 g/mL。在上述提取条件下,黑加仑果多酚提取量为538.00 mg/100 g。抗氧化活性表明,黑加仑果多酚对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS+自由基清除率的IC₅₀值分别为7.97、7.92和5.26 mg/mL,表明黑加仑果多酚具有较好的抗氧化活性。该结果可为黑加仑果多酚的工业化生产提供参考。     

The Role of Cytoskeleton Revealed by Quartz Crystal Microbalance and Digital Holographic Microscopy

The connection between cytoskeleton alterations and diseases is well known and has stimulated research on cell mechanics, aiming to develop reliable biomarkers. In this study, we present results on rheological, adhesion, and morphological properties of primary rat cardiac fibroblasts, the cytoskeleton of which was altered by treatment with cytochalasin D (Cyt-D) and nocodazole (Noc), respectively. We used two complementary techniques: quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and digital holographic microscopy (DHM). Qualitative data on cell viscoelasticity and adhesion changes at the cell–substrate near-interface layer were obtained with QCM, while DHM allowed the measurement of morphological changes due to the cytoskeletal alterations. A rapid effect of Cyt-D was observed, leading to a reduction in cell viscosity, loss of adhesion, and cell rounding, often followed by detachment from the surface. Noc treatment, instead, induced slower but continuous variations in the rheological behavior for four hours of treatment. The higher vibrational energy dissipation reflected the cell’s ability to maintain a stable attachment to the substrate, while a cytoskeletal rearrangement occurs. In fact, along with the complete disaggregation of microtubules at prolonged drug exposure, a compensatory effect of actin polymerization emerged, with increased stress fiber formation.     

新型聚氧乙烯醚马来酸双酯在皂洗中的应用

合成了一种新型的阴离子-非离子双子表面活性剂羧化硬脂醇聚氧乙烯醚马来酸双酯(POE-5),并将其应用于活性染料染色棉织物的皂洗。对K/S值、L*值、耐洗色牢度及摩擦牢度等指标进行分析,探讨皂洗温度和POE-5用量对皂洗效果的影响。结果表明:优化的皂洗工艺为皂洗温度60~80℃,POE-50.5 g/L,皂洗后染色织物的K/S值和各项牢度可达到或超过标准皂洗(皂片2 g/L,温度100℃)的效果。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中呋虫胺及2种代谢物残留量

目的 建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)快速检测食品中呋虫胺及两种代谢物残留的分析方法。方法 样品经乙腈超声提取,C18固相萃取(SPE)小柱净化,上清液氮吹至近干,经初始比例液相流动相复溶后,过膜,UPLC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。结果 本方法在在0.1 μg/L～200 μg/L范围内线性相关系数R_²≥0.999,粮谷、水果、蔬菜、鱼、肉、蛋、奶等22种基质中呋虫胺及其两种代谢物在5 μg/kg 、10 μg/kg 和50 μg/kg 3个加标水平下,回收率范围71.2 %～105.6 %,RSD的范围在1.3 %～9.8 %。结论 该分析方法准确度和精密度均达到农药残留检测要求,适用于分析粮谷、水果、蔬菜、鱼、肉、蛋、奶中呋虫胺及代谢物残留量。     

The improving effect of spray-drying encapsulation process on the bitter taste and stability of whey protein hydrolysate

Although whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) possesses good physiological functionality, its bitter taste and hygroscopic property limit its direct utilization as food ingredient. The aim of this work was to encapsulate whey protein hydrolysate by spray drying using maltodextrin or maltodextrin/??-cyclodextrin mixture as wall materials to attenuate the bitter taste and enhance the stability of whey protein hydrolysate. Hygroscopicity, glass transition temperature, bitter taste, and morphology of non-encapsulated WPH and encapsulated WPH were evaluated. Solubility, particle size, bulk density, and moisture content were also measured. Compared with the non-encapsulated WPH, the encapsulated WPH exhibited significantly lower hygroscopicity and higher glass transition temperature. The bitterness of both maltodextrin-encapsulated WPH and maltodextrin/??-cyclodextrin-encapsulated WPH was significantly lower than that of the original non-encapsulated WPH. Morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that the microcapsules of the spray-dried encapsulated WPH were matrix-type with less link bridge and had a continuous wall with many concavities. In addition, encapsulation process did not exert negative effect on the solubility of whey protein hydrolysate. The results indicated that encapsulation with maltodextrin and ??-cyclodextrin as carriers was helpful to attenuate the bitter taste and enhance the stability of whey protein hydrolysate.