Labeling without understanding: A response to Kelly.

The label of sexism by K. R. Kelly (see record 1990-29250-001) is unwarranted. Speculations about research results may need to be more complex. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The APA Directory Program: Status and objectives.

Describes the current status and objectives of the APA Directory program. The APA is one of the few large professional societies that has emphasized, almost from its inception, the publication of an annual directory. For the past 20 years, the inclusion of detailed biographical data has been stressed. As a result, the APA Directory contains more information, issued at more frequent intervals, than is true of most other scientific and technical societies. Objectives are noted as cost reduction, updating and standardization of directory entries, an automated system to facilitate handling data input, achievement of information retrieval capability of member information, and conversion of biographical directory information to magnetic tape as a basis for future input of data applicable to other APA uses. To insure careful attention to issues of personal privacy, as well as other major aspects of the directory program, the Board of Directors will be requested to appoint a committee to study such issues, develop guidelines, and make specific recommendations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychotherapy—is it safe, effective, and appropriate? The beginning of an evolutionary dialogue.

Discusses efforts made by the US Congress in the late 1970's and early 1980's to explore the extent to which those seeking psychotherapeutic services could be assured that the care they would receive would be beneficial. It is contended that psychology, psychiatry, and the mental health field have presented few summary statements to guide the educated consumer or enlightened 3rd-party payers in decision making about mental health care. The mental health field is still young, and there has been insufficient time to evaluate the efficacy of all forms of therapy for all the problems for which patients/clients seek help. But the knowledge gained from clinical experience can be used in a tentative fashion to direct more rigorous empirical investigation. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

UAS imaging-based decision tools for arid winter wheat and irrigated potato production management

Small unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are gaining global attention for rapid image-based decision making in agricultural production. In this study, the aim was to evaluate UAS-based imagery for rapid assessment of wheat winter survival and spring stand in winter wheat production and crop necrosis in potato production. Both are critical aspects of field (arid) and row (irrigated) crop farming practices. Aerial images from 97 hard and 352 soft single nucleotide polymorphism winter wheat plots, and 32 potato field plots (with 1 and 2 years of green manure applications) were acquired using a multi-band imaging sensor integrated with UAS. The UAS-based imagery was useful in evaluating winter wheat plant winter survival and spring stand, with Pearson correlation coefficient (r) in the range 0.60–0.82 between imagery and ground reference data. Similarly, the image-based potato field necrosis assessment showed a strong relationship with ground reference data (r = 0.93 and 0.88 for 1 and 2 years of green manure application, respectively). Overall, UAS imagery provided quantifiable, timely, and unbiased field data with high spatial resolution (about 2.3 cm/pixel for images acquired at 100 m altitude) that can aid in field and row crop production decision making.     

Reliability of the assessment of the oxygen/heart rate relationship during a workday

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of the oxygen consumption/heart rate (VO(2)/HR) relationship used to estimate energy expenditure during a workday. Before and after a 6-10 h work shift, the VO(2)/HR relationship was measured in 57 workers (28 female, 29 male) in our laboratory. VO(2) was similar before and after the shift at HR of 100 and 125 beats per minute (bpm). However, the VO(2)/HR relation and perceived exertion (RPE) became less accurate after a work shift as VO(2) and RPE were, respectively, increased at HR above 150 and 125 bpm. Increase of RPE for a same exercise intensity was higher in female subjects. Our results suggest good reliability of the VO(2)/HR relationship at HR usually found in workplaces.     

Effects of single versus multiple warnings on driver performance

OBJECTIVE: To explore how a single master alarm system affects drivers' responses when compared with multiple, distinct warnings. BACKGROUND: Advanced driver warning systems are intended to improve safety, yet inappropriate integration may increase the complexity of driving, especially in high workload situations. This study investigated the effects of auditory alarm scheme, reliability, and collision event type on driver performance. METHOD: Using a 2 x 2 x 4 mixed factorial design, we investigated the impact of two alarm schemes (master vs. individual) and two levels of alarm reliability (high and low) on distracted drivers' performance across four collision event types (frontal collision warnings, left and right lane departure warnings, and warnings for a fast-approaching following vehicle). RESULTS: Participants' reaction times and accuracy rates were significantly affected by the type of collision event and alarm reliability. The use of individual alarms, rather than a single master alarm, did not significantly affect driving performance in terms of reaction time or response accuracy. CONCLUSION: Even though a master alarm is a relatively uninformative warning, it produced statistically no different reaction times or accuracy results when compared with information-rich auditory icons, some of which were spatially located. In addition, unreliable alarms negatively impacted driver performance, regardless of event type or alarm scheme. APPLICATION: These results have important implications for the development and implementation of multiple driver warning systems.     

Neuropsychological aspects of vascular dementia

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Neuropsychologically, VaD has been characterized traditionally as having a "patchy" pattern of cognitive deficits. Newly developed diagnostic criteria for VaD suggest that this "patchy" pattern is associated with one type of VaD-multiple cortical infarctions, and that several additional subtypes of VaD exist, each featuring a characteristic pattern of neuropsychological deficits. Strategic infarct dementias have unique features that reflect the specific brain region affected. Lacunar state and Binswanger's disease produce subcortical dementia with disproportionate executive dysfunction. The profile of neuropsychological disturbances observed in VaD patients provides important insight into the localization and pathophysiology of the underlying cerebrovascular disease.     

Safflower oil utilization in surface coatings

The unique high linoleic acid content of 78% in safflower oil makes it especially suitable to the coatings industry. The high content of linoleic acid, low amount of saturated acids, and absence of linolenic acid constitutes an oil which forms fast-drying, nonyellowing films that have an excellent through dry and low wrinkling characteristics. More safflower oil is utilized in the manufacture of alkyd resins than any other single nonedible use. The oil alcoholizes rapidly with polyols and heat-bleaches to very ligh colors in cooking the alkyd resins. These alkyds have the best combination of fast-drying and nonyellowing properties of any drying oil alkyd of equal oil content. Heat-bodies safflower oil has uniform polymer structure as shown by its viscosity reduction curves. Heat-bodied and low viscosity safflower oils are used in exterior house paints. These paints show good through dry, low wrinkling and resistance to dew flatting. Specialty uses for safflower oil include urethane resins, caulks and putties, linoleum and oil emulsion exterior house paints. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Cincinnati, October 1965.     

Safflower,its development and utilization

Summary Safflower, a relatively insignificant oilseed crop early in this decase, has become a well-established source of oil for the surface-coatings industry and protein for animal feeds. Through extensive breeding programs, higher yielding, higher oil-bearing varieties have been developed. Research in agronomy is now directed toward improving resistance to rust and root rot in order to allow safflower to be grown as an irrigated crop. The oil's composition, which is largely made up of linoleic acid with a practical absence of linolenic acid, results in very nearly an ideal drying oil. Protective coatings made with safflower oil are characterized by rapid dry, good through-dry, excellent coloer and color retention, and good exterior durability. Recent interest in the unsaturated vegetable oils and their relation to the etiology of atherosclerosis has catalyzed the development of an edible grade of the oil. Safflower oil with approximately 75% linoleic acid and less than 10% saturated acids compares quite advantageously with other liquid oils for use as a dietary supplement. With the proper use of antioxidants, good flavor stability and resistance to oxidative deterioration is achieved. This qualifies safflower oil for use as a salad oil and as an ingredient in many food and pharmaceutical products. Prepress-solvent-extraction operations result in an 18–21% protein meal, which is consumed primarily in dairy cattle feed. Decortication of the seed, now feasible, yields a 40% protein meal suitable for laying-hen rations.