Social Disadvantage, Tenure and Location: An Analysis of Sydney and Melbourne

This article focuses on the role that housing markets play in structuring patterns of social disadvantage in Australian cities, specifically Sydney and Melbourne. It explores the relationship between housing tenure and social disadvantage at the local scale (Census collector districts) for the two cities, following a discussion of the various stands of literature on housing tenure and socio-spatial polarisation in Australian cities. It analyses the relationship between areas of high social disadvantage and housing tenure. The analysis, which uses the ABS Index of Disadvantage, distinguishes locations where comparable levels of social disadvantage are associated with very different housing markets, one where public housing is prominent and others which are primarily areas of private sector housing. The social profiles of both types of area are described, drawing out differences between the two cities, as are changes in the extent of these areas over time. The policy implications for the areas of private sector housing are then discussed.     

Tailoring the Void Size of Iron Oxide@Carbon Yolk–Shell Structure for Optimized Lithium Storage

High‐capacity lithium‐ion battery anode materials, such as transition metal oxides, Sn and Si, suffer from large volume expansion during lithiation, which causes capacity decay. Introducing sufficient void space to accommodate the volume change is essential to achieve prolonged cycling stability. However, excessive void space may significantly compromise the volumetric energy density. Herein, a method to control the void size in iron oxide@carbon (FeO_x@C) yolk–shell structures is developed and the relationship between the void space and electrochemical performance is demonstrated. With an optimized void size, the FeO_x@C yolk–shell structure exhibits the best cycling performance. A high reversible capacity of ≈810 mA h g^?1 is obtained at 0.2 C, maintaining 790 mA h g^?1 after 100 cycles. This contrasts with FeO_x@C materials having either smaller or larger void sizes, in which significant capacity fading is observed during cycling. This contribution provides an effective approach to alleviate the volume expansion problem, which can be generally applied to other anode materials to improve their performance in LIBs.     

Exact solutions for the viscous sintering of multiply-connected fluid domains

Exact solutions for the viscous sintering of multiply-connected fluid domains are found. The approach is based on a recent observation by the author connecting viscous sintering and quadrature identities. The solutions are exact in that the evolution can be described in terms of a finite set of time-dependent parameters; it is shown that the evolution of certain initial fluid domains under the equations of Stokes flow driven by surface tension can be calculated by following the evolution of the coefficients of an algebraic curve. These coefficients satisfy a finite system of first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Practical methods for solving this system are described. By way of example, explicit calculations of the sintering of unit cells deriving from square packings involving both unimodal and bimodal distributions of particles are given.     

Facile Fabrication of TiO2/SrTiO3 Composite Nanofibers by Electrospinning for High Efficient H2 Generation

Using electrospinning, specially prepared Ti and Sr precursor TiO₂/SrTiO₃ composite nanofibers were successfully fabricated. This would ensure the close and uniform contact between TiO₂ and SrTiO₃, which significantly contributes to the electrons transfer at the interface between the two semiconductors with different band gaps. Meanwhile, the long fibrous structure of TiO₂/SrTiO₃ composite nanofibers would further ease the electron transfer, enlarge the specific surface area, and enhance the light absorption capability thus leading to the improvement of photocatalytic efficiency. Because of the above‐mentioned advantages, the TiO₂/SrTiO₃ composite nanofibers exhibited higher photocatalytic H₂ generation efficiency over bare TiO₂ nanofibers in a water/methanol sacrificial reagent system under the irradiation of UV light.     

Autoclave properties of kirschsteinite-based steel slag

The kirschsteinite-based steel slag is one kind of low-alkalinity steel slag. This steel slag hardly behaves as any hydraulicity. In this paper, the hydrothermal products and binding properties of this slag, after being subjected to autoclave treatments, were evaluated. The results show that a hydrothermal autoclave reaction could modify the binding behaviours of kirschsteinite-based steel slag. The main hydrothermal product of pure kirschsteinite-based steel slag was Fe-hydrogarnet, which exhibited poor binding strength. However, the system of quartz-kirschsteinite steel slag appeared to have excellent binding properties due to autoclave treatment, in which the kirschsteinite phase was hydrothermally changed into Fe-substituted tobermorite. Meanwhile, Fe-substituted tobermorite phase was still stable relative to xonotlite over 345 °C.     

Direct ink writing of bismuth molybdate microwave dielectric ceramics

Additive manufacturing via direct ink writing and microwave dielectric characterisation of commercially produced low sintering temperature bismuth molybdenum oxide ceramics, have been both performed for the first time, following a powder-to-product holistic approach. We demonstrated that direct ink writing is an excellent candidate for producing dielectric substrates to be used for wireless telecommunication applications operating at microwave (MW) frequencies, with great repeatability and properties comparable to ceramics fabricated via conventional processing routes. The optimum density (relative density of ρ_r ≈ 93%) of the 3D printed test samples was obtained by sintering at 660 °C for 2 h, resulting in a relative permittivity ε_r = 35.7, dielectric loss tanδ = 0.0004 and microwave quality factor Q × f = 14,928 GHz. Sintering at higher temperatures promoted a porosity increase due to mismatching grain growth mechanisms and phase decomposition, that collectively hindered the test samples’ microwave dielectric performance in terms of achievable relative permittivity (ε_r) and dielectric loss (tanδ).     

Effect of processing conditions on porosity formation in cold gas dynamic spraying of copper

The cold gas dynamics process is a promising low-temperature spray process in which particles are accelerated in a supersonic flow before impacting with substrate to be coated. In this study the effect of spray temperature, spray pressure, and particle size on porosity formation in cold spray coatings are investigated. Results show that an increase in spray temperature and a decrease in particle size lead to a decline in volume fraction of porosity. Furthermore, particle velocity and particle temperature are determined to be the significant parameters for elimination of porosity. A model is proposed for estimation of the volume fraction of porosity for alloy of this study.     

Taste and olfactory intensity perception changes following left insular stroke.

The authors tested suprathreshold intensity perception of gustatory and olfactory stimuli in a 70-year-old right-handed man following a left posterior insular stroke and compared his results with those of age-matched controls. Both modalities revealed significant differences between left (ipsilateral to lesion) and right (contralateral) ratings of intensity. In both gustation and olfaction, these differences were driven primarily by trends toward increased contralateral sensitivity relative to controls. Intensity changes were most pronounced for unpleasant odors and for tastes perceived strongly as either pleasant (sweet) or unpleasant (salty, bitter). These results show that a left posterior insula lesion may affect taste and olfactory perception similarly by increasing sensitivity contralateral to the lesion. One possible mechanism is release from inhibition at the cortical level. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The moderating role of subordinate political skill on supervisors' impressions of subordinate ingratiation and ratings of subordinate interpersonal facilitation.

Nearly 2 decades ago, social influence theorists called for a new stream of research that would investigate why and how influence tactics are effective. The present study proposed that political skill affects the style of execution of influence attempts. It utilized balance theory to explain the moderating effect of employee political skill on the relationships between self- and supervisor-reported ingratiation. Additionally, supervisor reports of subordinate ingratiation were hypothesized to be negatively related to supervisor ratings of subordinate interpersonal facilitation. Results from a combined sample of 2 retail service organizations provided evidence that subordinates with high political skill were less likely than those low in political skill to have their demonstrated ingratiation behavior perceived by targets as a manipulative influence attempt. Also, when subordinates were perceived by their supervisors to engage in more ingratiation behavior, the subordinates were rated lower on interpersonal facilitation. Implications of these findings, limitations, and future research directions are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)