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61.
Jimmy Lin G. Craig Murray Bonnie J. Dorr Jan Hajič Pavel Pecina 《Language Resources and Evaluation》2009,43(1):27-40
Thesauri and controlled vocabularies facilitate access to digital collections by explicitly representing the underlying principles
of organization. Translation of such resources into multiple languages is an important component for providing multilingual
access. However, the specificity of vocabulary terms in most thesauri precludes fully-automatic translation using general-domain
lexical resources. In this paper, we present an efficient process for leveraging human translations to construct domain-specific
lexical resources. This process is illustrated on a thesaurus of 56,000 concepts used to catalog a large archive of oral histories.
We elicited human translations on a small subset of concepts, induced a probabilistic phrase dictionary from these translations,
and used the resulting resource to automatically translate the rest of the thesaurus. Two separate evaluations demonstrate
the acceptability of the automatic translations and the cost-effectiveness of our approach.
相似文献
Jimmy LinEmail: |
62.
Murray R 《Architectural record》1994,182(7):30-1, 91, 99
63.
Transgenic animals are a useful in vivo experimental model for assessing the ability and impact of foreign gene expression in a biological system. Transgenic mice are most commonly used, while transgenic sheep, goats, pigs and cows have also been developed for specific, "applied" purposes. Most of the work directed at targeting expression of transgenes to the mammary gland of an animal, by using a milk gene promoter, has been with the intent of either studying promoter function or recovering the desired protein from the milk. Transgenic technology can also be used to alter the functional and physical properties of milk resulting in novel manufacturing properties. The properties of milk have been altered by adding a new protein with the aim of improving the milk, not of recovering the protein for other uses. 相似文献
64.
T Matsunaga F Hirayama Y Yonemura R Murray M Ogawa 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,92(3):901-907
The receptors for interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-5 share a common signaling subunit betac. However, in the mouse, there is an additional IL-3 signaling protein, betaIL-3, which is specific for IL-3. We have previously reported that IL-3 abrogates the lymphoid potentials of murine lymphohematopoietic progenitors and the reconstituting ability of hematopoietic stem cells. We used bone marrow cells from betac- and betaIL-3-knock-out mice to examine the relative contributions of the receptor proteins to the negative regulation by IL-3. First, we tested the effects of IL-3 on lymphohematopoietic progenitors by using lineage-negative (Lin-) marrow cells of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice in the two-step methylcellulose culture we reported previously. Addition of IL-3 to the combination of steel factor (SF, c-kit ligand) and IL-11 abrogated the B-lymphoid potential of the marrow cells of both types of knock-out mice as well as wild-type mice. Next, we investigated the effects of IL-3 on in vitro expansion of the hematopoietic stem cells. We cultured Lin-Sca-1-positive, c-kit-positive marrow cells from 5-FU-treated mice in suspension in the presence of SF and IL-11 with or without IL-3 for 7 days and tested the reconstituting ability of the cultured cells by transplanting the cells into lethally irradiated Ly-5 congenic mice together with "compromised" marrow cells. Presence of IL-3 in culture abrogated the reconstituting ability of the cells from both types of knock-out mice and the wild-type mice. In contrast, addition of GM-CSF to the suspension culture abrogated neither B-cell potential nor reconstituting abilities of the cultured cells of wild-type mice. These observations may have implications in the choice of cytokines for use in in vitro expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. 相似文献
65.
Aerosol matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) has been combined with a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer for improved mass resolution. A methanol solution of matrix and analyte was sprayed directly into a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and the aerosol particles were irradiated and ionized with a frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser at 355 nm. Mass resolution of over 300 was observed for the peptides bradykinin, angiotensin II, and gramicidin D and for vitamin B(12). This represents a resolution enhancement of approximately 10-fold over that previously reported for aerosol MALDI with a linear time-of-flight instrument. 相似文献
66.
Mohamed Aissa Adel Ben Mnaouer Rion Murray Habib Youssef Abdelfettah Belghith 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2011,15(8):833-844
Quality of service (QoS) provisioning generally assumes more than one QoS measure that implies that QoS routing can be categorized
as an instance of routing subject to multiple constraints: delay jitter, bandwidth, cost, etc. We study the problem of constructing
multicast trees to meet the QoS requirements of real-time interactive applications where it is necessary to provide bounded
delays and bounded delay variation among the source and all destinations while keeping overall cost of the multicast tree
low. The main contribution of our work is a new strategy for constructing multiconstrained multicast trees. We first derive
mathematically a new delay-variation estimation scheme and prove its efficiency. Thereafter, we propose a simple and competitive
(in terms of running time) heuristic algorithm, for delay and delay variation constrained routing problem based on the proposed
delay-variation estimation scheme and using the Extended Prim-Dijkstra tradeoffs’ algorithm. Our contribution also extends
previous works in providing some properties and analyses of delay bounded paths satisfying delay variation constraints. Extensive
simulation results show that our algorithm outperforms DVDMR in terms of multicast delay variation with the same time complexity
as DVDMR. 相似文献
67.
Jonathan Pietarila Graham Darryl D. Holm Pablo Mininni Annick Pouquet 《Journal of scientific computing》2011,49(1):21-34
The subfilter-scale (SFS) physics of regularization models are investigated to understand the regularizations’ performance
as SFS models. Suppression of spectrally local SFS interactions and conservation of small-scale circulation in the Lagrangian-averaged
Navier-Stokes α-model (LANS-α) is found to lead to the formation of rigid bodies. These contaminate the superfilter-scale energy spectrum with a scaling
that approaches k
+1 as the SFS spectra is resolved. The Clark-α and Leray-α models, truncations of LANS-α, do not conserve small-scale circulation and do not develop rigid bodies. LANS-α, however, is closest to Navier-Stokes in intermittency properties. All three models are found to be stable at high Reynolds
number. Differences between L
2 and H
1 norm models are clarified. For magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), the presence of the Lorentz force as a source (or sink) for circulation
and as a facilitator of both spectrally nonlocal large to small scale interactions as well as local SFS interactions prevents
the formation of rigid bodies in Lagrangian-averaged MHD (LAMHD-α). LAMHD-α performs well as a predictor of superfilter-scale energy spectra and of intermittent current sheets at high Reynolds numbers.
It may prove generally applicable as a MHD-LES. 相似文献
68.
Performance analysis of security aspects by weaving scenarios extracted from UML models 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Murray Woodside Author Vitae Dorin B. Petriu Author Vitae 《Journal of Systems and Software》2009,82(1):56-74
Aspect-oriented modeling (AOM) allows software designers to describe features that address pervasive concerns separately as aspects, and to systematically incorporate the features into a design model using model composition techniques. The goal of this paper is to analyze the performance effects of different security features that may be represented as aspect models. This is part of a larger research effort to integrate methodologies and tools for the analysis of security and performance properties early in the software development process. In this paper, we describe an extension to the AOM approach that provides support for performance analysis. We use the performance analysis techniques developed previously in the PUMA project, which take as input UML models annotated with the standard UML Profile for Schedulability, Performance and Time (SPT), and transform them first into Core Scenario Model (CSM), and then into different performance models. The composition of the aspects with the primary (base) model is performed at the CSM level. A new formal definition of CSM properties and operations is described as a foundation for scenario-based weaving. The proposed approach is illustrated with an example that utilizes two standards, TPC-W and SSL. 相似文献
69.
Inah Omoronyia John Ferguson Marc Roper Murray Wood 《Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)》2009,18(5-6):509-558
Software development is a global activity unconstrained by the bounds of time and space. A major effect of this increasing scale and distribution is that the shared understanding that developers previously acquired by formal and informal face-to-face meetings is difficult to obtain. This paper proposes a shared awareness model that uses information gathered automatically from developer IDE interactions to make explicit orderings of tasks, artefacts and developers that are relevant to particular work contexts in collaborative, and potentially distributed, software development projects. The research findings suggest that such a model can be used to: identify entities (developers, tasks, artefacts) most associated with a particular work context in a software development project; identify relevance relationships amongst tasks, developers and artefacts e.g. which developers and artefacts are currently most relevant to a task or which developers have contributed to a task over time; and, can be used to identify potential bottlenecks in a project through a ‘social graph’ view. Furthermore, this awareness information is captured and provided as developers work in different locations and at different times. 相似文献
70.
Alan Davis Sean Graves Terry Murray 《Journal of The Association for Laboratory Automation》2001,6(6):28-31
The genomics, proteomics, clinical, and drug discovery laboratories have a growing need to maintain valuable samples at ultra-low (−80°C) temperatures in a validated, secure environment. Automated sample processing systems have until now required manual (off-line) storage of samples at −80°C, reducing system reliability and speed. Both of these important needs are addressed by the Sample Process Management System being introduced by BIOPHILE Inc. Conventional sample management processes, such as storage, retrieval, and cataloging, are increasingly strained by the growing sample populations. There are variable sample types, access requirements and storage requirements. Security and inventory procedures are implemented manually. The evolving technologies present in the laboratory cannot interface with conventional manual storage techniques. Addressing these limitations, the primary benefits of BIOPHILE's solutions are:
- • Fully validated sample management process that coordinates the life-cycles of samples and their related data.
- • Robotic technology to securely store and retrieve samples, improving their accessibility and stability. Thermal shock is reduced, improving sample longevity and quality. The robotic technology allows integration with larger automation systems.
- • A process program to develop a Sample Management Strategy. This strategy is developed by analyzing long-term research goals, current baseline processes, and identification of current sample life cycles. A full validation documentation package can be generated, providing a high level of quality assurance.
- • Improved sample visibility and quality assurance - automated sample population cataloging; controlled sample management access and security.