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941.
A combinatorial process has been developed for the high throughput production and evaluation of surface coatings. The workflow designed for the production of arrays of liquid coatings involves the robotic transfer of aliquots of solutions of raw materials to an array of glass vials and mixing of the coatings using an unconventional magnetic stirring process. An investigation of the capability of the workflow to accurately and repeatedly prepare coating arrays was conducted as a function of solution viscosity and aliquot size. In addition, mixing capability was evaluated as a function of solution viscosity, total solution volume, and mechanism of stirring. Overall, the results of the study indicated that adequate accuracy and repeatability of the coating preparation process can be achieved as long as raw material solutions are designed such that viscosity is below about 250 cP and aliquot sizes are above about 75 μl. With regard to mixing capability, total solution volume was found to have a profound affect as did the stirring mechanism. 相似文献
942.
A predictive model was developed for the fully developed zone of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser reactor operating in the fast fluidization regime that overcomes limitations of existing models. The model accounts for the upward flow of gas and solids in the core and downward flow of the two phases in the annulus. Additionally, a numerical solution methodology for the simulation of a riser reactor employing the hydrodynamic model was devised. A simulation was performed using the fast, main Claus reaction to demonstrate the effects of backmixing in the fast fluidization regime. It was found that the molar flow rates of the reactants leaving a fast fluidized CFB riser reactor were significantly higher than those leaving an identical reactor operating in the pneumatic transport regime. 相似文献
943.
The diffusion of solutions of ethyl centralite (EC), dibutylphthalate (DBP), and dinitrotoluene (DNT) into a nitrocellulose (NC) propellant is investigated. DBP and EC penetrate the propellant in a way consistent with Case II diffusion. The diffusion of DNT solutions is Fickian. The apparent activation energy for Case II diffusion is 62 kJ/mol for DBP and 66 kJ/mol for EC. Changes to coating solvent polarity have little effect on DNT and DBP penetration and merely alter the rate, not the mechanism, of EC diffusion into the propellant. 相似文献
944.
Jose Gerde Connie Hardy Walter Fehr Pamela J. White 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2007,84(6):557-563
Two extruded-expelled physically refined soybean oils with reduced contents of linolenic acid, ultra-low- linolenic acid (ULL,
1.5%) and low-linolenic acid (LL, 2.6%), and a extruded-expelled physically refined control oil (control, 5.3% linolenic acid)
were evaluated by frying French fries in a commercial-like setting for 6 h day−1 during 23 days. The oils became darker, increased in yellow color at the beginning, and became redder and less green throughout
the process. Free fatty acids levels were not different among the oils until day 14, after which, ULL was different from the
control for the remainder of frying. The conjugated dienoic acid values were greatest in the control. Generally, ULL and LL
oils had lower percentages of polar compounds than did the control, providing a frying life 2 days longer than the control
and ~30% increase in frying time. A trained sensory panel evaluated the French fries on days 2, 5, and 6. Buttery and potato
flavors decreased, and rancid and painty flavors increased over frying time for all products. Rancid flavor was highest in
the fries from the control oil. Overall, the ULL and LL oils performed better than did the control oil and ULL tended to perform
better than the LL. 相似文献
945.
Raúl Quijada Juan Luis Guevara Mehrdad Yazdani-Pedram Griselda B. Galland Daniel Ribeiro 《Polymer Bulletin》2002,49(4):273-280
Summary
1-Octadecene (C18) was polymerized by using different metallocene catalysts. The rac-Et(Ind)2ZrC12/MAO (I) and rac-Me2Si(Ind)2ZrC12/MAO (III) presented the highest activity as compared with ra-Et(2-Me-Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO (II) and Ph2C(Flu)(Cp)ZrC12/MAO (IV) catalysts. Catalyst IV produced polymers with highest molecular weights. The microstructure of the polymers was
determined by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Catalyst systems I, II and III produced isotactic polymers while catalyst IV produced polymers with mainly
syndiotactic structures but with large amount of stereoregular error.
Received: 21 June 2002/Revised version: 4 November 2002/ Accepted: 4 November 2002 相似文献
946.
The constrained blister test is investigated through finite element analysis to determine the applicabilities and the limitations of the new technique. Numerical results confirm that the strain energy release rate asymptotically approaches a constant value. These results also show that the test technique and the approximate solution for strain energy release rate are applicable for some practical cases. 相似文献
947.
Styrene/hexadecane miniemulsions were polymerized at 50°C using a redox initiator. The miniemulsions and their corresponding latexes were characterized in terms of size, polymerization rate, and surface properties. The resulting data were analyzed to elucidate the miniemulsion stabilization and polymerization mechanisms. It was found that the free surfactant concentration exceeded the critical micelle concentration when large amounts of surfactant (60 mM sodium lauryl sulfate) were used, resulting in simultaneous micellar and droplet nucleation. Most surfactant was on the surface of the droplets (85%) or particles (95%). The fractional surface coverage was proportional to the surfactant concentration to the 0.55 power. Using a particle diameter equation, the number of particles was calculated to be proportional to the surfactant concentration to the 1.35 power. Through direct particle size measurements, a power of 1.38 was confirmed. The rate of polymerization was determined by reaction calorimetry to be proportional to the number of particles to the 0.59 power, in contrast to classical Smith–Ewart kinetics for conventional emulsions (1.0 power). The average number of radicals per particle was estimated from the rate and number data, and varied with the particle diameter to the 0.97 power. The observed kinetic dependencies were validated through an extension of Smith–Ewart theory. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3987–3993, 2003 相似文献
948.
Wei-Heng Shih David Kisailus Wan Y. Shih Yung-Haw Hu Jerry Hughes 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1996,79(5):1155-1162
In an attempt to improve the colloidal processing of Si3 N4 ceramics, we studied the rheology and consolidation of colloidal suspensions of Si3 N4 particles (average particle size 0.7 μm) with small Al2 O3 particles (average particle size 20 nm). It was found that at pH >7, the viscosity of the mixtures increased and then decreased with an increasing concentration of Al2 O3 . λpotential measurements, optical micrographs, and visible light absorptance measurement suggest that such viscosity behavior is due to clustering of Si3 N4 particles bridged by the small Al2 O3 particles. This is also supported by the Derjaquin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) potential calculations that show the barrier height in the DLVO potential between Al2 O3 and Si3 N4 is small. The small barrier height under current experimental conditions stems from the small size of the Al2 O3 particles. The small barrier height allows the thermal motion of the two kinds of particles to overcome the barrier and attach to each other. The adsorption of small Al2 O3 particles on Si3 N4 can occur even when both Al2 O3 and Si3 N4 carry the same sign of charges. The adsorption of Al2 O3 on Si3 N4 also increases the density of consolidated compacts. 相似文献
949.
Xiaohong Gu Tinh Nguyen Mounira Oudina David Martin Bouchra Kidah Joan Jasmin Aziz Rezig Lipiin Sung Eric Byrd Jonathan W. Martin Derek L. Ho Y. C. Jean 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2005,2(7):547-556
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to study the morphology and microstructure of an amine-cured epoxy before and
after outdoor exposure. Measurements were made from samples prepared in an essentially CO2-free, H2O-free glove box and from samples prepared in ambient conditions. For those prepared in a CO2-free glove box, AFM imaging was conducted on (1) an unexposed air/coating surface, (2) an unexposed coating bulk, (3) an
unexposed coating/substrate interface, and (4) a field exposed air/coating surface. For samples prepared in ambient conditions,
only the unexposed air/coating surface was investigated. The same regions of the exposed samples were scanned periodically
by the AFM to monitor changes in the surface morphology of the coating as UV exposure progressed. Small angle neutron scattering
and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies were performed to verify the microstructure and to follow chemical
changes during outdoor exposure, respectively. The results have shown that amine blushing, which occurs only under ambient
conditions, had a significant effect on the surface morphology and microstructure of the epoxy. The surface morphology of
the samples prepared under CO2-free, dry conditions was generally smooth and homogeneous. However, the interface and the bulk samples clearly revealed a
two-phase structure consisting of bright nodular domains and dark interstitial regions, indicating an inhomogeneous microstructure.
Such heterogeneous structure of the bulk was in good agreement with results obtained by small angle neutron scattering of
unexposed samples and by AFM phase imaging of the degraded sample surface. The relationship between submicrometer physical
changes and molecular chemical degradation is discussed.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago,
IL. 相似文献
950.
Analysis of the carbon disulphide extracts of nine samples of UK coal-maceral concentrates by 1H highresolution n.m.r. spectroscopy, gas-liquid chromatography and field-desorption mass spectrometry indicates the presence of components with a wide molecular weight range extending up to 1200 amu; these are attributed to n-alkanes up to ≈C50 and highly condensed polynuclear aromatic compounds. 相似文献