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A.S. Fomichev I. David S.M. Lukyanov Yu.E. Penionzhkevich N.K. Skobelev O.B. Tarasov 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》1994,350(3):605-607
The mass and charge identification of secondary particles with Z < 4 by a large CsI(T1) scintillation detector is performed using pulse shape analysis and time-of-flight methods. The dependence of the light output on E, A and Z is studied in the energy range of 1–20 MeV/A and special attention is paid to the integration time of the photomultiplier anode signal. It is found that the behaviour of the calibration curves strongly depends on the choice of the integration time interval. 相似文献
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14 medicated hypertensive, 15 nonmedicated mild hypertensive, 39 normotensive, and 13 hypotensive adults participated in a 1–2 hr laboratory experiment that assessed each S's symptoms, moods, and estimates of systolic blood pressure (SBP) relative to actual SBP levels. Several self-reports and autonomic measures were collected during and after each of 22 tasks. Within-S correlations indicated that all Ss could estimate SBP at levels greater than chance. Further, 68% of the Ss evidenced at least 1 significant symptom–SBP correlation. Although medicated hypertensives believed they could estimate their BP more accurately than other groups, they were actually no more accurate than the other Ss. They also evidenced far fewer empirically derived symptom–SBP and emotion–SBP correlations than any other group. Overall, blood pressure (BP) beliefs were largely inaccurate. If these erroneous beliefs can be eliminated, Ss may be able to estimate BP fluctuations more accurately. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Lewis Gloria J.; Greenburg Sharon L.; Hatch David B. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1988,19(1):81
We report the results of the first national survey of psychologists in private practice regarding their participation in peer consultation groups. The sample (71% return) was drawn from 800 randomly selected psychologists listed in the National Register of Health Service Providers in Psychology. We found that 23% of the sample currently belonged to peer consultation groups, and 24% had belonged in the past. Of those not currently in groups, 61% expressed the desire to belong if one were available. There were virtually no significant demographic differences between current members and nonmembers. We examined the following group characteristics: formation, length of existence, size, membership, leadership, theoretical orientation, range of experience, time and place, content, and group process. Groups tended to be small, informal, and leaderless; however, we found great variation among groups on all dimensions. Findings also showed a high degree of satisfaction with membership. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate two methods of assessing the productivity and quality impact of Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) and Fourth Generation Language (4GL) technologies: (1) by the retrospective method; and (2) the cross-sectional method. Both methods involve the use of questionnaire surveys. Developers' perceptions depend on the context in which they are expressed and this includes expectations about the effectiveness of a given software product. Consequently, it is generally not reliable to base inferences about the relative merits of CASE and 4GLs on a cross-sectional comparison of two separate samples of users. The retrospective method that requires each respondent to directly compare different products is shown to be more reliable. However, there may be scope to employ cross-sectional comparisons of the findings from different samples where both sets of respondents use the same reference point for their judgements, and where numerical rather than verbal rating scales are used to measure perceptions. 相似文献
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Jan van Eijck 《Formal Aspects of Computing》1994,6(1):766-787
Presuppositions of utterances are the pieces of information you convey with an utterance no matter whether your utterance is true or not. We first study presupposition in a very simple framework of updating propositional information, with examples of how presuppositions of complex propositional updates can be calculated. Next we move on to presuppositions and quantification, in the context of a dynamic version of predicate logic, suitably modified to allow for presupposition failure. In both the propositional and the quantificational case, presupposition failure can be viewed as error abortion of procedures. Thus, a dynamic assertion logic which describes the preconditions for error abortion is the suitable tool for analysing presupposition. 相似文献
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Control law design for rotorcraft fly-by-wire systems normally attempts to decouple the angular responses using fixed-gain crossfeeds. This approach can lead to poor decoupling over the frequency range of pilot inputs and increase the load on the feedback loops. In order to improve the decoupling performance, dynamic crossfeeds should be adopted. Moreover, because of the large changes that occur in the aircraft dynamics due to small changes about the nominal design condition, especially for near-hovering flight, the crossfeed design must be ‘robust’. A new low-order matching method is presented here to design robust crossfeed compensators for multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) systems. The technique minimizes cross-coupling given an anticipated set of parameter variations for the range of flight conditions of concern. Results are presented in this paper of an analysis of the pitch/roll coupling of the UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter in near-hovering flight. A robust crossfeed is designed that shows significant improvement in decoupling perfomance and robustness over the fixed-gain or single point dynamic compensators. The design method and results are presented in an easily used graphical format that lends significant physical insight to the design procedure. This plant precompensation technique is an appropriate preliminary step to the design of robust feedback control laws for rotorcraft. 相似文献