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991.
992.
993.
Nicholas T. Kirkland Mark P. Staiger David Nisbet Chris H.J. Davies Nick Birbilis 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2011,63(6):28-34
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys provide numerous benefits as a resorptive biomaterial and present the very real possibility
of replacing current metallic implant materials in a variety of roles. The development of suitable biodegradable implant alloys
is a multidisciplinary challenge, since alloy design must be confined to a range of alloying additions that are biologically
nontoxic, whilst still providing the requisite mechanical properties. This leaves a small number of compatible elements that
can provide benefits when alloyed with Mg, including calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn). To date, although a range of different Mg
alloys have been investigated both in vitro and in vivo, little work has been performed to characterize the relationship between
the composition of Mg alloys, their corrosion and resulting mechanical properties over time. Consequently it is crucial to
understand how these properties may be related if alloys are to be successfully screened for implantation in the body. 相似文献
994.
Shaily M. Bhola Rahul Bhola Brajendra Mishra David L. Olson 《Journal of Materials Science》2010,45(22):6179-6186
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic characterization of the low modulus Ti–35.5Nb–7.3Zr–5.7Ta alloy has been performed
in phosphate buffer saline solution at 37 °C. Measurements were performed at various immersion intervals up to 720 h at OCP
and also at various anodic potentials up to 2 V. The alloy exhibits a two time constant impedance response at the OCP and
a one-time constant response at anodic potentials in the passive region. The thickness of the oxide film formed has been evaluated
and the electrochemical interpretation of the results has been reported. Cyclic potentiodynamic profile of the alloy displays
valve metal characteristics and the presence of a wide passive region that extends up to the maximum potential value of 2 V
studied. 相似文献
995.
A personalized measure for thermal comfort has been applied for use in combination with smart controls for building automation. Using data from a field study, we first show the superiority of personalized measures for thermal comfort compared to standard non-adaptive methods. Based on this knowledge we describe a methodology, using logistic regression techniques, to convert user votes to a probability of comfort. We also describe the interface used to collect the votes. We show that, for a given subject, our thermal profile converges against the probabilities found in the field study. As a case study we implemented the measure in a control algorithm to control the shading devices. The results clarify the mode of action and also show the effectiveness of the method. 相似文献
996.
A number of critiques have been published drawing attention to the gaps in research methods applied to issues surrounding homelessness and service utilisation in Britain. This paper discusses the use of social identity, a theory drawn from the field of applied social psychology, and synthesises it with the pathways model, thereby providing a framework to further explore service utilisation. The synthesised framework was used to predict the uptake of outreach services in a prospective study of 121 homeless people in a major UK city. In general, homeless people's use of intervention services was affected by the extent to which they identified with the support services themselves. The study demonstrates the central role of social identity in understanding service utilisation patterns, and shows the importance of applying fresh techniques to fine-tune our understanding of uptake in the long term. 相似文献
997.
Johan Oppen David L. Woodruff 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2009,16(5):627-640
Algorithms that search for good solutions to optimization problems present a trace of current best objective values over time. We describe an empirical study of parametric models of this progression that are both interesting as ways to characterize the search progression compactly and useful as means of predicting search behavior. In our computational experiments, we give examples of a variety of problems and algorithms where we are able to use the parametric models to make predictions of performance that cross instances and instance sizes. 相似文献
998.
Jens Georg Kaufmann Marc P. Y. Desmulliez Yingtao Tian Dennis Price Mike Hughes Nadia Strusevich Chris Bailey Changqing Liu David Hutt 《Microsystem Technologies》2009,15(8):1245-1254
In this paper we propose an agitation method based on megasonic acoustic streaming to overcome the limitations in plating
rate and uniformity of the metal deposits during the electroplating process. Megasonic agitation at a frequency of 1 MHz allows
the reduction of the thickness of the Nernst diffusion layer to less than 600 nm. Two applications that demonstrate the benefits
of megasonic acoustic streaming are presented: the formation of uniform ultra-fine pitch flip-chip bumps and the metallisation
of high aspect ratio microvias. For the latter application, a multi-physics based numerical simulation is implemented to describe
the hydrodynamics introduced by the acoustic waves as they travel inside the deep microvias. 相似文献
999.
A CFD model of autothermal reforming 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Liming Shi David J. Bayless Michael E. Prudich 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2009,34(18):7666-7675
A numerical model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was developed and validated to simulate the performance of a catalytic monolith reformer for the production of hydrogen that could be used in fuel cell systems. The whole reactor was modeled as porous media for the process of autothermal reforming with n-hexadecane feed. CFD results provided an adequate match to experimental data from literature with respect to temperature and the mole fractions of H2, CO2 and CO products. The percentage difference between each experimental measurement of the mole fraction of hydrogen and the corresponding CFD prediction was less than 16.8%. It was found that the thermal conductivity of the solid catalyst substrate affected the temperature profile in the reactor, but its effect on product hydrogen concentration was negligible. The calculated reforming efficiency based on hydrogen decreased by 11.8% as power input was increased from 1.7 to 8.4 kW. 相似文献
1000.
Sarah M. Connolly Ernest Zabolotny David F. McLaughlin Edward J. Lahoda 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2009,34(9):4074-4087
The Hybrid Sulfur Process, as well as similar sulfur cycles for the production of nuclear hydrogen, requires the decomposition of sulfuric acid into sulfur dioxide, oxygen, and water at temperatures above 800 °C and at pressures up to 9 MPa. The design of a reactor for this process presents numerous challenges in terms of maintaining small pressure differentials and utilizing currently available materials of construction. This paper focuses on design calculations for a composite reactor that preheats, concentrates, and decomposes sulfuric acid for use in the production of hydrogen. The decomposition reaction takes place within individual tubes of a multitube reactor. 相似文献