基于开关磁阻电机的车用ISAD系统研究

针对基于开关磁阻电机的车用ISAD系统,分析其主要工况起动助力发电,提出各工况状态下控制策略并给出仿真波形。同时采用TMS320F240型DSP和EPM7128S型CPLD构成核心控制器,最后以1kW三相6/4开关磁阻电机为样机完成起动助力发电实验,给出了实验波形和分析结论。实验结果表明,提出的控制器及其控制策略是有效的,基于开关磁阻电机的车用ISAD系统在工程实践上是可行的。     

Finite element modeling of resistive surface layers by micro-contact impedance spectroscopy

Micro-contact impedance spectroscopy (MCIS) is potentially a powerful tool for the exploration of resistive surface layers on top of a conductive bulk or substrate material. MCIS employs micro-contacts in contrast to conventional IS where macroscopic electrodes are used. To extract the conductivity of each region accurately using MCIS requires the data to be corrected for geometry. Using finite element modeling on a system where the resistivity of the surface layer is at least a factor of ten greater than the bulk/substrate, we show how current flows through the two layers using two typical micro-contact configurations. This allows us to establish if and what is the most accurate and reliable method for extracting conductivity values for both regions. For a top circular micro-contact and a full bottom counter electrode, the surface layer conductivity (σ_s) can be accurately extracted using a spreading resistance equation if the thickness is ~10 times the micro-contact radius; however, bulk conductivity (σ_b) values can not be accurately determined. If the contact radius is 10 times the thickness of the resistive surface, a geometrical factor using the micro-contact area provides accurate σ_s values. In this case, a spreading resistance equation also provides a good approximation for σ_b. For two top circular micro-contacts on thin resistive surface layers, the MCIS response from the surface layer is independent of the contact separation; however, the bulk response is dependent on the contact separation and at small separations contact interference occurs. As a consequence, there is not a single ideal experimental setup that works; to obtain accurate σ_s and σ_b values the micro-contact radius, surface layer thickness and the contact separation must all be considered together. Here we provide scenarios where accurate σ_s and σ_b values can be obtained that highlight the importance of experimental design and where appropriate equations can be employed for thin and thick resistive surface layers.     

咪唑类离子液体萃取分离高值废线路板浸出液中Au(III)的研究

以离子液体为新型萃取剂萃取稀贵金属具有萃取效率高、选择性强、清洁环保等优点,近年来不断被应用于湿法冶金领域,并取得一定研究成果。本文研究了咪唑类离子液体从高值废线路板浸出液中萃取Au(III)的行为。考察了萃取体系、萃取相比、萃取pH值、萃取时间对Au(III)的影响。结果表明,DBC+[BMIM][NTF2]萃取体系可实现室温下绿色、高效萃取Au(III),对Au(III)选择性强,不与Ni(II)、Cu(II)等其他金属离子共萃。在pH值为0.5、O/A为1:2、萃取时间2min时,可与Au(III)形成稳定络合物,萃取率达到100%。采用1mol草酸对DBC+[BMIM][NTF2]含Au(III)萃取体系进行反萃,O/A为1:10,反萃时间10min时,可实现Au(III)从有机相中全部分离。该研究可为含Au(III)萃取溶液Au(III)与其余金属离子的分离提纯提供数据基础和理论指导。     

骨传导超声与骨传导音频的特性比较

研究表明,人可以通过骨传导感知到超声,并且一些听力受损患者也有超声感知的能力.骨传导超声感知在医学中的应用很多,在助听方面的应用尤其突出.为了比较骨传导超声助听器和传统的骨传导助听器的助听效果,本文采用了时域有限差分方法,分别计算单耳骨传导超声激励和单耳骨传导音频激励在头内形成的声场.实验结果表明骨传导超声可同时激励双耳耳蜗,且传导能力优于骨传导音频激励.     

中国地应力场分布规律统计分析

查阅迄今为止中国现有的实测地应力资料，参照霍克–布朗的地应力分析、统计和拟合方法，形成实测平均水平地应力与垂直地应力的比值随深度变化的散点图，回归实测平均水平地应力与垂直地应力的比值随深度的变化曲线并与霍克–布朗曲线进行比较，发现深度超过1 200 m以后，中国实测平均水平地应力与垂直地应力的比值统计值大于霍克–布朗曲线中值，且最大应力包线与霍克–布朗包线基本吻合，而最小应力包线的应力水平小于霍克–布朗包线的应力水平。进一步分析回归中国岩浆岩、沉积岩和变质岩等3种岩性的地应力统计结果，得到类似的回归曲线。统计结果对了解中国地应力场的宏观分布情况具有重要参考价值，对进行深埋地下结构分析计算和辅助设计具有重要的实用价值。     

Farbication of Optically Transparent Lead Magnesium Niobate Polycrystalline Ceramics Using Hot Isostatic Pressing

The physical, dielectric, and optical properties of hot isostatically pressed lead magnesium niobate polycrystalline ceramics modified with 1/2 mol% La₂O₃, Pb_{1–3/2 x} La _x □ _{x /2}-(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃, have been investigated. Methods used to characterize the ceramics included determination of the dielectric permittivity, optical transmittance, and refractive index dispersion. The materials exhibited relaxor ferroelectric type behavior with a peak dielectric constant K > 14000 and average T _c ∼−35°C. Various sintering, hot isostatic pressing, and annealing conditions were examined to produce highly dense and optically transparent materials. Through the use of hot isostatic pressing, densities more than 99.5% theoretical and transmittance greater than 50% at 633-nm wavelength were obtained. Hot isostatic pressing technique appears to be a good alternative to hot uniaxial pressing without the associated problem of PbO volatility, reactivity with the pressure vessel, and geometrical constraints.     

Inverting cascade impactor data for size-resolved characterization of fine particulate source emissions

In this paper, the inversion processing of cascade impactor data to construe continuous size distributions within fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is examined for residential oil furnace and fireplace appliance emissions. Impactor data from tests with these emissions sources are selected for the challenges they pose to comprehending the size distributions of aerosol mass and chemical species. In specific, the oil furnace aerosol offers an opportunity to apply data inversion to study a bimodal lognormal distribution in which much of the aerosol mass is impactor-penetrating nanoparticles . The fireplace emissions on the other hand cover the issue of a chemical size distribution, which is subject to particle loss and characterized by a single lognormal, accumulation mode peak. Computational steps relevant to the application of the data inversion are illustrated in detail. Evaluation of correlation coefficients (0.992) indicates that the inversion model predictions fit the impactor data well. Simulations of systematic measurement error (±10%) at each impactor stage are shown to have a negligible impact on the inversion results for test data. It is concluded that data inversion can be effective when (i) source emissions contain a portion of particles that falls outside the measurement range of cascade impactors, (ii) a mass size distribution of an individual species is determined without the knowledge of the total mass concentration for that species, or when (iii) losses in the particle charger system are significant.     

AZ31B镁合金/镀锌钢板电阻点焊接头形成机理

针对2.0 mm厚的AZ31B镁合金以及1.0 mm厚的SPHC镀锌钢板,采用KDWJ-17型三相次级整流电阻焊机进行焊接试验,通过光学金相、扫描电镜等方法分析接头各区域的组织结构和成分分布.提出了镁锌低熔点化合物挤压机制,分析了Zn元素在镁合金和镀锌钢板电阻点焊中的作用.结果表明,Zn与Mg元素形成的低熔点化合物MgZn₂在电极压力的作用下能填满由于焊接变形引起的间隙,使反应界面密封,促进Fe,Al元素在界面发生处扩散,Fe与Al元素在界面处发生反应生成Fe₂Al₅化合物,从而形成高强度的镁合金与镀锌钢板的电阻点焊接头.     

V形坡口和K形坡口Q345/SUS304异种钢对接接头残余应力和变形

以ABAQUS软件为平台,开发热-弹-塑性有限元方法模拟了V形坡口和K形坡口Q345/SUS304异种钢多层焊对接接头的温度场、残余应力和焊接变形.同时采用试验的方法测量了接头的残余应力和角变形.计算结果与试验测量结果吻合良好,验证了计算方法的妥当性.数值结果表明,不同坡口Q345/SUS304异种钢接头的Q345母材与焊缝交界处的应力分布均出现不连续性,且SUS304侧的高拉伸残余应力区明显宽于Q345侧;K形坡口开口朝向Q345侧相较于开口朝向SUS304侧的接头,Q345/焊缝交界处附近的峰值应力和高拉伸残余应力区均明显较小.试验和数值结果表明,坡口形式对接头的角变形有明显的影响.