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61.
On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP) has become one of the most powerful and prominent technologies for knowledge discovery
in VLDB (Very Large Database) environments. Central to the OLAP paradigm is the data cube, a multi-dimensional hierarchy of aggregate values that provides a rich analytical model for decision support. Various sequential
algorithms for the efficient generation of the data cube have appeared in the literature. However, given the size of contemporary
data warehousing repositories, multi-processor solutions are crucial for the massive computational demands of current and
future OLAP systems.
In this paper we discuss the cgmCUBE Project, a multi-year effort to design and implement a multi-processor platform for data
cube generation that targets the relational database model (ROLAP). More specifically, we discuss new algorithmic and system
optimizations relating to (1) a thorough optimization of the underlying sequential cube construction method and (2) a detailed
and carefully engineered cost model for improved parallel load balancing and faster sequential cube construction. These optimizations
were key in allowing us to build a prototype that is able to produce data cube output at a rate of over one TeraByte per hour.
Research supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). 相似文献
62.
T. Holzhauser L. I. Dehne A. Hoffmann D. Haustein S. Vieths 《European Food Research and Technology》1998,206(1):1-8
Peanuts are one of the most allergenic foods known. The presence of hidden allergens in processed food for reasons of mislabelling
or cross-contamination expose allergic individuals to unpredictable risks, especially since highly sensitized subjects may
experience severe anaphylactic reactions. The protection of consumers requires specific and sensitive methods for the detection
of trace amounts of potentially allergenic peanut components. A rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE) procedure was developed
allowing the detection of even spurious contaminations with peanut protein. For precipitation of peanut protein a commercially
available antiserum was used. By amplifying precipitates with a secondary immunodetection step, 20 ng/ml peanut protein in
chocolate extract, equivalent to 0.0002% peanut in chocolate, could still be detected. Model chocolate spiked with various
amounts of peanut was investigated down to 0.001% peanut (10 ppm), the limit of quantitative determination. The method was
optimized for detection of peanut in chocolate samples. Non-chocolate samples had to be standardized with a chocolate matrix
prior to analysis in order to obtain a uniform response. Cross-reactivities with other food proteins did not occur. The method
showed high recoveries of 85–101% for chocolate samples down to 10 ppm peanut and good reproducibility with coefficients of
variation of ≤ 5 % for samples of ≥ 15 ppm peanut protein. The applicability of this method in the detection of peanut protein
in various food commodities was demonstrated: two unlabelled products and two products which did not have peanut listed as
an ingredient were identified as containing peanut protein. In all cases where peanut was listed, peanut protein could be
determined. The results of RIE were always confirmed by those of a new cell-mediator-release assay that is based on a rat
basophil leukaemia (RBL) cell-line (RBL-2H3), cells that are a functional equivalent to mucosal mast cells. Measuring the
release of β-hexosaminidase resulting from cross-linking of basophil-bound peanut-specific immunoglobulin E, the assay mimics
a main event of the allergic type-I reaction. The cell assay was adapted for food matrices and peanut could be detected down
to 0.01% which additionally demonstrated in vitro that even trace amounts of peanut protein could elicit allergic reactions.
Received: 28 May 1997 / Revised version: 11 July 1997 相似文献
63.
64.
Performance – based fire safety design of multi‐storey buildings. In most countries fire design of multi‐storey buildings is still based on the standard temperature‐time curve (ISO 834) which is supposed to cover real fire scenarios on the safe side. A fire safety design considering more realistic natural fires and the redundancies of entire structural systems is risk‐oriented as well as economical. Using international experience and test results and ongoing research of iBMB, a design fire is developed and so‐called real fire curves are derived. They serve as a basis for general calculation methods (according to the Eurocodes) which are able to grasp the real behaviour of structural systems in a fire. A probabilistic safety concept guarantees the necessary reliability of the design taking the probability of fire development, the boundary conditions of life safety and the uncertainties of the design parameters into account. 相似文献