Adsorption isotherms of phenols from water onto macroreticular resins

The amounts of equilibrium adsorption of phenol and 4-chlorophenol from water on non-ionic macroreticular resins were measured in the temperature range 288–318 K. It was shown that the isotherm data could not be fit by any conventional two- or three-parameter equation including the Langmuir, Freundlich, BET, and Redlich–Peterson equations over the entire range of concentration (1–32 mol m⁻³). They were well fit by combined BET equation or its modified form with the Freundlich or Langmuir equation, depending on the types of solutes and the resins. Such different fitting results could be related to the solute–resin interactions owing to the relatively wide pore size distribution of the resins. The effect of temperature on adsorption equilibrium was also discussed.     

Ion-assisted codeposition of CaF2-rich CaF2-TiO2 composites as infrared-transmitting films

The influence of the TiO(2) concentration (相似文献   

Developing a module-based security system for an intelligent home

The security system in a workplace or home is important to human life. Unlucky events are often caused by the negligence of humans. We have developed a modulebased security system for home automation. The structure of the security system contains many modules. Each module has two types of interface (wireless RF and speech). There are active and passive modules in the security system. The active security module is a smart robot. We have designed many types of smart robot for the security system. The passive security modules include a fire security module, an intruder security module, an environment security module, a gas security module, an AC power security module, and an appliance control module. In the security module, we use multisensor fusion algorithms to decide the exact output. In these modules, we use a two-wire communication method through the wireless RF interface, and a voice alarm for serious events, and transmit the real-time status to the supervised computer. In the smart robot system, we have designed many types of smart robot for the security system. We have designed a general user interface (GUI) for the intelligent security system. The user interface can supervise these modules and the smart robots via the wireless RF device, and supervise the security system via wireless, Internet, and cell phone.     

Multilevel multisensory-based security system for an intelligent home

This article describes a multilevel multisensor-based security system that has multiple interfaces to be applied in an intelligent home. The security system contains four levels. There is a passive detection level, an active detection level, a system supervising level, and a remote supervising level. The control unit of these passive modules is a HOLTEK microchip. Each passive module has two different interfaces (wireless RF and voice). These modules can use a voice to alarm users than an event has occurred, and can transmit the real-time status and image signal to the active detection level and the system’s supervising level via the wireless RF interface. The active detection level can communicate with other levels via the wireless RF interface or the wireless Internet. The remote supervising level, the supervising level, and the active detection level can communicate with other levels via the wireless Internet. The status of these modules can also be displayed on the monitor of the supervising computer. Finally, we present some experimental results using passive and active detection modules in the security system.     

Routing algorithms on the bus-based hypercube network

In this paper, we study the properties of the bus-based hypercube, denoted as U(n,b), which is a kind of multiple-bus networks (MBN). U(n,b) consists of 2/sup n/ processors and 2/sup b/ buses, where 0 /spl les/ b /spl les/ n - 1, and each processor is connected to either /spl lceil/(b+2)/2/spl rceil/ or /spl lceil/(b+1)/2/spl rceil/ buses. We show that the diameter of U(n,b) is /spl lceil/(b-1)/2/spl rceil/ if b /spl ges/ 2. We also present an algorithm to select the best neighbor processor via which we can obtain one shortest routing path. In U(n,b), we show that if there exist some faults, the fault diameter DF(n,b,f) /spl les/ b+1, where f is the sum of bus faults and processor faults and 0 /spl les/ f /spl les/ /spl lceil/(b+3)/2/spl rceil/. Furthermore, we also show that the bus fault diameter DB(n,b,f) /spl les/ b/-2/spl rfloor/ - 3, where 0 /spl les/ f /spl les/ /spl lceil/(b-1)/2/spl rceil/ and f is the number of bus faults. These results improve significantly the previous result that DB(n,b,f) /spl les/ b - 2f + 1, where f is the number of bus faults.     

Preparation and epoxy curing of p‐nonylphenol/dicyclopentadiene adducts

Phenol/dicyclopentadiene adducts were prepared from the BF₃‐catalyzed reaction of p‐nonylphenol and dicyclopentadiene at molar ratios of 2 : 1 and 3 : 2. These dicyclopentadiene‐derived novolac products contain tricyclodecane and multiple phenol functionalities. In curing with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, the polymer properties were compared with those cured with formaldehyde novolac or Jeffamine D‐400 amine. When p‐nonylphenol/dicyclopentadiene adducts were mixed with other commercially available curing agents such as Jeffamine D‐400 amine, the tricyclodecane functionality was introduced into the resulting epoxy network. The flexibility of the cured resin was improved due to the presence of the tricyclodecane moiety in the polymer structure. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2196–2206, 1999     

Synthesis and epoxy curing of Mannich bases derived from bisphenol A and poly(oxyalkylene)diamine

A family of Mannich bases were prepared from the reaction of 2,2‐bis‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A or BPA), formaldehyde, and poly(oxyalkylene)diamines at 1 : 1 : 1 or 1 : 2 : 2 molar ratio. By varying the molar ratio of bisphenol A to amine and the chemical structures of poly(oxyalkylene)diamines, a series of products with multiple functionalities of primary/secondary amines, phenols, and poly(oxyalkylene) were prepared. The curing profiles of these products toward the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) were examined by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The physical properties of these cured materials were correlated with the chemical structures of the Mannich bases. Compared with the poly(oxyalkylene)diamines, the built‐in phenol moiety in Mannich bases accelerated the curing rate. Both amine and phenol functionalities could be reactive sites toward diglycidyl ethers in a step‐wise fashion under catalytic (triphenylphosphine) and different temperature conditions. Furthermore, the cured polymers demonstrated improved properties including tensile and flexural strength in comparison with those cured by the corresponding poly(oxyalkylene)diamines. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 615–623, 2000     

CD8+ T Cell-Induced Expression of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinses-1 Exacerbated Osteoarthritis

Despites the fact that T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) little is known about the roles of CD8⁺ T cells in this disease. We investigated the effects of CD8⁺ T cells and the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) on joint pathology. Using anterior cruciate ligament-transection (ACLT), OA was induced in mice. The knee joints were histologically assessed for manifestations of OA. The CD8⁺ T cells from splenocytes and synovium were flow-cytometrically and immunochemically evaluated, respectively. Local expression of TIMP-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, and VEGF were examined. Cartilage degeneration was slower in CD8⁺ T cell knockout mice than in control mice. CD8⁺ T cells were activated once OA was initiated and expanded during OA progression. More CD8⁺ T cells from splenocytes expressed TIMP-1 in ACLT-group mice than in Sham-group mice. The number of TIMP-1-expressing CD8⁺ T cells in OA mice correlated with the disease severity. TIMP-1 expression in cartilage was co-localized with that of MMP-13 and VEGF. TIMP-1 protein was detected in synovium in which angiogenesis occurred. During the pathogenesis of OA, the expression of TIMP-1, VEGF and MMP-13 accompanying with CD8⁺ T cells activation were increased. Furthermore, inhibiting the expression of TIMP-1 in joints could retard the progression of OA.     

Analysis of volume change effects in a fluidized bed catalytic reactor

A mathematical model based on the concept of an improved bubble assemblage model is developed for calculating the conversion of a reaction system involving a volume change in fluidized beds. The influence of volume change on the hydrodynamic behavior of gas in the bed, such as bubble size variation, superficial gas velocity change, and volume fraction occupied by each phase, is also investigated. It is found that increasing stoichiometric coefficient values results in larger bubble size, higher superficial gas velocities, higher crossflow rate between emulsion phase and bubble phase, and greater volume fraction of bubble phase, but smaller volume fraction occupied by the emulsion phase as well as lower conversions.     

Finite Element Limit Analysis of Passive Earth Resistance in Cohesionless Soils

This note examines the classic passive earth resistance of cohesionless soil by using two newly developed numerical procedures based on finite element formulations of the bound theorems of limit analysis and non-linear programming techniques. Solutions using upper and lower bounds are presented to complement the previous studies of this problem. The parameters studied are soil-wall interface friction, wall inclination, backfill surface configuration and the wall's weight.