晶硅光伏组件中乙烯—醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（EVA）回收可行性研究

为验证退役晶硅光伏组件中EVA的老化现象及其回收的可行性,通过多种表征方法对所述EVA的性能进行了表征。结果表明,晶硅光伏组件在使用过程中造成的EVA老化与使用环境和EVA自身质量有关,不同使用状态的EVA老化程度不同。老化EVA的拉曼光谱会产生较强的荧光背景,原因是EVA中有共轭多烯和α、β-不饱和羰基生成;而傅立叶红外测试发现EVA老化的特征信号是烃基、羰基和醚类信号,EVA光氧化主要是由于脱乙酰化和断链。通过热失重测试得知,老化EVA有2个失重阶段,第一失重阶段释放出乙酸,第二失重阶段发生断链并释放乙烯及乙烷的混合物;光学透过率测试发现使用不同年限的EVA透过率有少量降低。根据以上分析可知,EVA具有根据不同老化程度进行回收再利用的可能。     

合金钢连铸用保护渣结壳的分析与改进

针对合金钢连铸结晶器保护渣在生产使用过程中存在的结壳现象进行了分析,通过采用特殊钢种专用保护渣,改进保护渣添加操作方式及液渣层厚度控制,优化浸入式水口插入深度,规范浸入式水口更换操作,严格控制中间包钢水温度及结晶器液面,确保恒拉速生产等措施,保护渣结壳现象基本消除。     

Light-colored conductive nanorod-mediated co-continuous polypropylene/poly(butylene succinate) blends: Regulatory mechanism,morphology evolution,electrical, and optical properties

It is still a critical challenge to prepare engineering plastics with multi-functionalities and high-performances while considering their aesthetic properties and dyeing processes. In this study, a light-colored conductive nanorod (CNR) was employed to mediate the morphology of immiscible polypropylene/poly(butylene succinate) (PP/PBS) blends. The CNR could be only located in polar PBS phase to effectively control the viscoelasticity ratio between binary phases. By incorporating just 9 per hundred resins (phr) of CNR, the sea-island structure of PP/PBS (70/30) would transform a stable co-continuous morphology of PP/PBS/CNR (70/30/9). The addition of CNR led to a significant reduction in blends' surface resistivity and volume resistivity. Simultaneously, the mechanical properties and appearance colors of the ternary blends were improved. The effect of CNR in morphological mediation was further verified with PP/poly(butylene adipate terephthalate)/CNR (PP/PBAT/CNR) and PP/poly(ε-caprolactone)/CNR (PP/PCL/CNR) blends. In summary, this work provided a desirable engineering plastic, demonstrating permanent antistatic performance, improved mechanical properties and good colorability.     

Multiple Structural Coloring of Silk‐Fibroin Photonic Crystals and Humidity‐Responsive Color Sensing

In the biological world, numerous creatures such as butterflies, insects, and birds have exploited photonic structures to produce bicolor reflections with important biofunctions in addition to unique brilliant structural coloration. Although the mimicking of bistructural color reflection is possible, the fabrication involves a process of combined layer deposition techniques, which is complicated and less flexible. Here, a bistructural color mimicking, based on silk fibroin, is reported using a simple and inexpensive self‐assembly method. Silk‐fibroin inverse opals with different spectral positions of bistructural color reflection (i.e., ultraviolet and visible peaks, ultraviolet and near infrared peaks, and visible and near infrared peaks) are obtained by simply controlling their lattice constants. Furthermore, the inline and continuous tuning of the peak positions of bistructural color reflection can be achieved by the humidity‐induced cyclic contraction of silk fibroin. The potential applications of silk‐fibroin photonic structures in eco‐dying and multifunctional silk fabrics are also demonstrated.     

脱脂豆粕大豆皂苷提取物的定性分析和抗油脂氧化

以乙醇为溶剂从脱脂豆粕中提取大豆皂苷,AB-8大孔树脂纯化后对其进行薄层层析、红外光谱和高效液相色谱定性分析,同时研究其抗油脂氧化能力。结果表明:脱脂豆粕提取物经纯化后得到的大豆皂苷具有抗豆油氧化能力,且有剂量效应关系,0.5%大豆皂苷纯化品抗油脂氧化能力较强,相当于0.02%BHT,随着时间的延长,作用甚至强于0.02%BHT;大豆皂苷与柠檬酸、抗坏血酸均有较好的协同作用,并且抗坏血酸的增效作用强于柠檬酸,是较好的天然抗氧化剂。     

响应面优化低敏性大豆β-伴球蛋白喷雾干燥工艺研究

应用中心组合设计,采用响应面法,以干粉的乳化活性为考核指标,对喷雾干燥工艺参数进行优化,模拟得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,并确定喷雾干燥的最佳条件为,料液浓度2.02 g/100 mL,进口温度为167℃,出口温度84℃。在此条件下,得到乳白色、均一且乳化活性高的大豆β-伴球蛋白粉产品。     

基于LSQR与系统距离聚类算法的专变用户非介入式负荷辨识

专变用户非介入式负荷辨识是实现以专变用户为主体的需求侧响应的重要环节。通过对专变用户负荷稳态过程与暂态过程的特征分析,选取有功功率、无功功率、电流有效值等作为稳态过程特征量,并选取暂态发生前、中、后三个阶段的特征量,如电流有效值、有功功率均值、无功功率均值、持续时间、电流有效值最大值等,构建全面的非介入式负荷辨识稳态过程与暂态过程负荷特征空间。以此为基础,利用最小二乘QR分解算法(Least Square QR,LSQR)进行稳态过程负荷分解获得各种负荷的运行情况。并基于系统距离聚类算法将常见专变用户负荷暂态事件进行分类,进一步辨识出哪一种或者哪一类负荷发生投切动作。最后,采集包括排水泵、搅拌机、水泥螺旋、污水泵、除尘器等工业负荷现场数据,对所提到的方法进行了仿真分析,结果表明所提的非介入式负荷辨识方法可获得较高的准确率。     

A dynamic quality control approach by improving dominant factors based on improved principal component analysis

Process variables in manufacturing process are critical to the final quality of product, especially in continuous process. Their abnormal fluctuations may cause many quality problems and lead to poor product quality. Against this background, this paper proposes a dynamic quality control approach by improving dominant factors (DFs) based on improved principal component analysis (iPCA). Firstly, the generation of iPCA is illustrated to identify the DFs which lead to quality problems. Then, a quality prediction model for improving DFs is proposed based on modified support vector machine (SVM). An incremental weight is introduced in SVM to improve its sparsity and increase the accuracy of quality prediction. Thus, the product quality can be guaranteed by controlling the DFs dynamically. Finally, a case study is provided to verify the feasibility and applicability of proposed method. The research is expected to provide some guidance for continuous process.     

具有冗余特性的永磁容错电机短路故障分析与控制

为了提高电力推进系统的可靠性,提出了带冗余特性三相永磁容错电机驱动系统的拓扑结构。为了研究绕组短路故障和逆变器开关短路故障对该驱动系统输出电磁转矩特性的影响,本文在分析两种短路故障等效电路的基础上,建立了短路电流和阻碍转矩的数学模型,通过仿真揭示了逆变器开关短路故障对驱动系统输出转矩特性的影响比绕组短路故障更严重的结论,并给出通过控制逆变器的开关状态将开关短路故障转化为绕组短路故障的实现方法。针对短路故障降低驱动系统平均输出电磁转矩和增大转矩脉动的问题,提出了基于稳态数学模型的最佳电流故障控制策略。仿真和实验结果验证了所提出的故障控制策略的有效性。