MgAl2O4-Spinel Synthesized by High-Energy Ball Milling and Reaction Sintering

A new way to prepare magnesia-alumina-spinel was investigated making use of a mixed powder system of MgO and metallic Al-3 wt% Mg. Intensive ball milling was applied which provides the formation of new powder particles as composite of both components in intimate contact. The new configuration of the particles had a significant impact on the reaction sintering behavior leading to single phase spinel microstructures at moderate temperatures below 1400°C. Optimized milling of the powder mixture was therefore required providing reduced crystallite sizes and strongly enlarged interfacial area shared by the reacting components. The optimal milling time was identified by the complete reaction of the starting powders to spinel during sintering. Shorter milling times led to incomplete reactions and longer milling times contaminated the milling product by debris from the milling tools. The amount of interfaces generated by the intimate mixing dominated the sintering reaction kinetics whereas the specific surfaces area was of secondary importance.     

精通碳管理 平衡可权衡因素，优化供应链管理效率

随着全球变暖,世界范围内关于减少温室气体排放的法规要求也日益严格。针对二氧化碳排放问题的很多机会存在于供应链管理之中,这迫使公司寻找新的方法来进行有效的碳管理;从采购和生产到配送和产品再生。供应链管理中的权衡不再只是关于成本．服务和质量，而是关于成本．服务．质量和碳排放。     

Evaluation of the effects of thermal treatments on color, polyphenol stability, enzyme activities and antioxidant capacities of innovative pasty celeriac (Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill.) DC.) products

Initial heating was applied as the first processing step in the production of innovative pasty celeriac products. For this purpose, celeriac was converted into a paste and subsequently heated at 90 and 100 °C for 5–10 min. Alternatively, the fresh plant material was blanched prior to mincing. For the first time, phenolic compounds in celeriac were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MSⁿ). Among the 14 phenolics detected, several caffeic, ferulic and quinic acid derivatives as well as malonylated and acetylated flavonoid derivatives were newly identified. Upon thermal treatment, the antioxidant capacities (TEAC assay) and the total phenolic contents remained virtually unchanged. The antioxidant capacities of heated samples determined by the FRAP assay were even higher than those of the unheated control. The contents of the main phenolic compound apiin decreased upon heat treatment, whereas the levels of the minor compounds malonylapiin A and B increased. Only by extended steam- and water-blanching at 100 °C, respectively, complete inactivation of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase was achieved. The obtained celeriac products were characterized by their bright white color. Consequently, blanching is recommended as the initial operation in the processing of celeriac into novel pasty products.     

Evaluation of texture registration by epipolar geometry

In the process of digitizing the geometry and appearance of 3D objects, texture registration is a necessary step that solves the 2D–3D mapping between the 2D texture images and the 3D geometric model. For evaluation of texture registration with ground truth, accurate datasets can be obtained with a complex setup consisting of calibrated geometry and texture capture devices. We do not have any knowledge of such evaluation performed; current evaluations reflect, at their best, the precision achieved by the algorithms, but fail to identify a possible bias. We propose a new evaluation measure based on the epipolar geometry of texture image pairs, with the advantage that the ground truth can be extracted solely from the texture images, independent of the 3D acquisition. We developed a noise model suitable to our purpose and analysed three distance measures based on epipolar geometry, well known in the computer vision community, to find new theoretical and experimental results. Finally, using the proposed framework, we evaluated a texture registration algorithm based on mutual information and found that its accuracy was under half-pixel.     

Die Auswertung von Großzugversuchen an schweißbaren Baustählen unterschiedlicher Festigkeit nach einem Energiekonzept unter Berücksichtigung des stabilen Rißwachstums

Großzugversuche. Versuche mit Hillproben. Werkstoffe: RSt 37-2, St 52-3, 22 NiMoCr 37, StE 47, StE 70. Kraft-Verlängerungs-Diagramme. J-Integral in Abhängigkeit von der Verlängerung. J-Werte bei gerade erreichtem vollplastischen Zustand J_gy und bei Beginn des stabilen Rißwachstums J_i. Einfluß der Fließgrenze. Kritische J-Werte in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur. Einfluß der Kerbschärfe: Kerbe und Risse; erstmaliges Auftreten des stabilen Anrisses; duktiler Bruch. Zusammenhang zwischen bleibender Verschiebung der Kerbflanken bis zum Bruch bei T_s und Hauptformänderung bis zum Bruch bei der Hillprobe. Korrelation zwischen der Bruchspannung der Hillprobe und der größten Hauptnormalspannung im Kerbgrund bei Beginn des stabilen Rißwachstums. Zusammenhang zwischen der Hauptformänderung bis zum Bruch bei der Hillprobe und dem J-Wert bei Beginn des stabilen Rißwachstums.     

Development of a class-specific ELISA for sulfonylurea herbicides (sulfuron screen)

The development of a direct competitive ELISA for the detection of a broad range of sulfonylurea herbicides (SUs) is described. Polyclonal antibodies were generated in rabbits using three different immunizing haptens. Antiserum with the broadest specificity was obtained with a mesosulfuronbenzylamine derivative which was coupled via a succinic acid spacer to keyhole limpet hemocyanine. A heterologous enzyme tracer which did not contain the succinic acid bridge was prepared using activated horseradish peroxidase. The direct competitive ELISA was optimized and applied for spiked tap and surface water samples. From 30 SUs, 8 compounds showed a molar cross-reactivity (CR) higher than 100% (this value was set for the hapten) and 11 compounds CRs between 10% and 100%. The ELISA can detect 16 SUs at a concentration of 0.1 microg/L or lower. Different surface and tap water samples were spiked with chlorimuron ethyl, metsulfuron methyl, or primisulfuron methyl at concentrations of 100, 200, or 500 ng/L and subsequently analyzed by both ELISA and HPLC-UV. Correlation analysis revealed good agreement between both methods (r2 = 0.983/0.948/0.982; n = 21 for each analyte). Using ELISA, no sample pretreatment other than filtration was necessary.     

Zyklisches Kriechen des Vergütungsstahles 42 CrMo4 unter mittelspannungs-behafteter Zug-Druck-Wechselbeanspruchung bei Raumtemperatur

Kraftkontrollierte Zug-Druck-Wechselversuche an vergütetem Stahl 42 CrMo4. Ermittlung von Wechselverformungs- und Mitteldehnungskurven bei unterschiedlichen Kombinationen von Mittelspannung und Spannungsamplitude unter Raumtemperaturbedingungen. Konsequenzen für übliche Dauerfestigkeitsschaubilder.