Adaptive FH optimization in MEC-assisted 5G environments

Photonic Network Communications - To address the limitations of current radio access networks (RANs), centralized RANs adopting the concept of flexible splits of the BBU functions between radio...     

Phosphorus: 光子网格的分布式控制平面技术

G2MPLS is a Network Control Plane (NCP) architecture that implements the concept of Grid Network Services (GNS) required for implementing photonic Grids. It provides part of the functionalities related to the selection, co allocation and maintenance of both Grid and network resources through a set of seamless procedures at the user to network and inter domain boundaries. G2MPLS main features and procedures are presented in this document, as well as the considerations to deploy it and facilitate its dissemination.     

Flow Routing and its Performance Analysis in Optical IP Networks

Optical packet-switching networks deploying buffering, wavelength conversion and multi-path routing have been extensively studied in recent years to provide high capacity transport for Internet traffic. However due to packet-based routing and switching, such a network could result in significant disorder and delay variation of packets when they are received by end users, thus increasing the burstiness of the Internet traffic and causing higher-layer protocol to malfunction. This paper addresses a novel routing and switching method for optical IP networks — flow routing, and its facilitating protocol. Flow routing deals with packet-flows to reduce flow corruption due to packet out-of-order, delay variation and packet loss, without using complicate control mechanism. Detailed performance analysis is given for output-buffered optical routers adopting flow routing. Two flow-oriented discarding techniques, i.e., flow discard (FD) and early flow discard (EFD), are discussed. Compared with optical packet-switching routers, a remarkable improvement of good-throughput is obtained in the optical flow-routers, especially under high congestion periods. We conclude that EFD behaves as a robust technique, which is more tolerant than FD to the change of traffic and transmission system factors.     

ISE-optimal nonminimum-phase compensation for nonlinear processes

This work concerns the optimal regulation of single-input–single-output nonminimum-phase nonlinear processes. The problem of calculation of an ISE-optimal, statically equivalent, minimum-phase output for nonminimum-phase compensation is formulated using Hamilton–Jacobi theory and the normal form representation of the nonlinear system. A Newton–Kantorovich iteration is developed for the solution of the pertinent Hamilton–Jacobi equations, which involves solving a Zubov equation at each step of the iteration. The method is applied to the problem of controlling a nonisothermal CSTR with Van de Vusse kinetics, which exhibits nonminimum-phase behaviour.     

Assessment of pesticide residues in fresh peach samples produced under integrated crop management in an agricultural region of northern Greece

A multi-residue method using selected ion monitoring mode GC/MS has been developed for the quantitative analysis of residue levels of 23 widely used pesticides in fresh peaches produced under integrated crop management process (ICM). The proposed methodology involved a sample extraction procedure using liquid–liquid partition with acetonitrile followed by a clean-up step based on solid-phase extraction (SPE). Fortification studies were performed at different concentration levels for various types of peaches that differ in properties, such as appearance, flavor and pit. The data showed that the different peach matrices had no significant effect on recoveries. Recoveries were greater than 80% for most of the pesticides with a RSD below 18%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the range 0.002–0.050 mg kg^?1, depending on the compound. To assess method performance with real samples and determine whether pesticide concentrations in peaches exceed their maximum residue levels (MRLs), the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of 104 fruit samples collected under integrated pest management (IPM) production during the 2006 cultivation period. Residues detected were lower than those established by legislation for all pesticides, except diazinon, where one positive sample was detected at a level of 0.03 mg kg^?1.     

Grip to the Colon by Means of Macroscopic Adhesion-Controlled Friction

Manipulating friction without applying high normal forces is important for an intestine inspection and intervention device in order to eliminate the risk of tissue damage. One possible solution is to generate friction by means of adhesive forces. The adhesive forces should be high to offer sufficient grip without needing high normal forces. The generated friction is then called adhesion-controlled and depends on the size of the area in contact. Adhesion-controlled friction is well known to be dominant at microscopic and molecular levels. According to this paper, adhesion-controlled friction can be applicable on the macroscopic scale as well and, more specifically, within a range of forces in which friction is usually considered to be load-controlled. The intestine inspection and intervention device manipulates the friction with the colonic wall by means of mucoadhesive films. In this way, grip with high static friction is achieved without the need to apply high normal forces and friction is altered by changing the size of the area of the mucoadhesive film. Friction theories on different scales are revisited and considered in order to understand the dominant phenomena and the principles associated with this macroscopic adhesion-controlled friction.     

Modeling Evapotranspiration Effects on Air Flowing in a Small Glass Roofed Tunnel

A preliminary investigation into the feasibility of erecting a solar chimney power plant requires a model incorporating all possible aspects of such a power plant and giving results on an hourly basis. Possible agricultural activities underneath the outer section of the solar collector would require a model predicting the changing state of the air due to evapotranspiration effects as it flows from the perimeter of the collector to the chimney in the center. The vegetation temperature and irrigation requirements need to be determined in order to ascertain how far inward crops may be planted without being subjected to heat stress. A small experimental glass roofed tunnel was constructed, planted with grass, and the changing state of the air, drawn over the grass by a fan, was determined using wet- and dry-bulb temperature measurements and the mass flow rate of the air. Starting off with a known air state inlet condition, conservation and the Penman-Monteith equations were applied to subsequent 1-m lengths of the tunnel and the state of the air at the outlet was predicted and compared with the measured state of the air. The predicted and measured values were found to be in agreement within experimental limits giving confidence in incorporating this model into the larger model of the solar chimney.     

High performance organic light emitting diodes using substoichiometric tungsten oxide as efficient hole injection layer

In this work we demonstrate the unique hole injection and transport properties of a substoichiometric tungsten oxide with precise stoichiometry, in particular WO_2.5, obtained after the controlled hydrogen reduction during growth of tungsten oxide, using a simple hot-wire vapor deposition technique. We present clear evidence that tungsten suboxide exhibits metallic character and that an almost zero hole injection barrier exists at the anode/polymer interface due to the formation/occupation of electronic gap states near the Fermi level after oxide’s reduction. These states greatly facilitate hole injection and charge generation/electron extraction enabling the demonstration of extremely efficient hole only devices. WO_2.5 films exhibit metallic-like conductivity and, thus, can also enhance charge transport at both anode and cathode interfaces. Electroluminescent devices using WO_2.5 as both, hole and electron injection layer, and poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-{2,1′,3}-thiadiazole)] (F8BT) as the emissive layer exhibited high efficiencies up to 7 cd/A and 4.5 lm/W, while, stability studies revealed that these devices were extremely stable, since they were operating without encapsulation in air for more than 700 h.