Inter-granular liquid phase aiding grain boundary sliding in superplastic deformation of fine-grained ZK60 Mg alloy

For 7475 Al alloy,there were micrographs showing filaments or whiskers formation during the separation stage of superplastic elongation.This indicates the presence of liquid phase which accommodates grain boundary sliding to reach superplasticity.On the other hand,there is no such phenomenon reported regarding Mg alloy in literatures.Scanning electron microscopic(SEM)fractography exceptionally exhibits a mark of grain boundary sliding and its accommodating mechanism of inter-granular liquid phase.Under the testing conditions of 350℃ and 1×10- 4s -1,the initially fine-grained structure(3.7μm)yields 642%superplastic elongation and exhibits fluffy appearance on the fractured surface.For other specimens showing less superplasticity,their fractured surfaces exhibit partial fluffy appearance.     

带雨淋水膜的非耐热防火玻璃的火灾试验

研究了水膜对防火玻璃耐热性质的影响。用标准试验炉对门窗玻璃做火灾试验，温度高达1000℃。结果表明，对玻璃施用水膜能有效地经受试验的高温，水膜的蒸发潜热被用于保护建筑物的玻璃，免于因火灾造成融熔或炸裂。并且保留其完整性和绝缘性的试验时间由6min延长到100min。值得注意的是，玻璃表面的温度维持在90℃以下可持续100min。结论：用带水膜的防火玻璃替代通常装设的门是可行的。     

Experimental Analysis and Computer Simulation of Starch-Water Interactions during Phase Transition

The phase transition of a waxy corn starch, Amioca, with a limited amount of water available, upon heating, was investigated by using experimentation and computer simulation. A model based upon the stoichiometric ratio of water to anhydro-glucose unit was developed to simulate conversion of starch (gelatinization and/or melting) with different water contents. Simulation results showed a minimum ratio of 14 water molecules to one anhydrous glucose unit was required for complete gelatinization. A phase diagram based on this was constructed to relate water contents to gelatinization and melting of starch.     

Dynamic adaptive tracking algorithm for tracker estimation

Most tracking algorithms and techniques are concerned with the system bandwidth and servo response for tracking targets in a dynamic situation. In this paper, a simplified tracking algorithm and formulation are developed. In a dynamic sense, it is desirable that a tracker using an adaptive tracking algorithm to track the target will do so in a reasonable processing time, especially when considering the types of tracking servo system. Furthermore, the algorithm described here is simple in form and may be looked up in tables or by using interpolator via a microprocessor-based design in the future.     

Some properties of Pareto efficiency under the framework of data envelopment analysis

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been widely applied to measure the Pareto efficiency of multiple-input and multiple-output decision making units (DMUs). In this paper it is shown that under linear production frontiers DMU efficiency is a weighted arithmetic mean of the efficiencies of the outputs; whereas under loglinear production frontiers DMU efficiency is a weighted geometric mean of the output efficiencies. Furthermore, DMU efficiency can be decomposed with respect to input factors as well, and some results are derived. As a consequence, a modified DEA model is devised, whereby the efficiency of each output (or input) in addition to DMU efficiency is able to be measured in one linear programming solution.     

Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis of the Waste Water from Sweet Potato Starch Process

The primary waste water discharged from pilot plant scale sweet potato starch manufacturing was processed by ultrafiltration (UF). The UF permeate was then concentrated by reverse osmosis (RO). Growth of microorganisms in waste water would reduce the flux of UF. When the feed velocity of UF was higher than 2.5 m/sec, its positive effect on permeation rate was no longer existent. Relationships between transmembrane pressure and permeate flux were linear at all tested concentrations. UF filtered protein and calcium reduced two-thirds of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and half the chemical oxygen demand (COD) at weight concentration ratio (WCR) of 5. With RO the rest of the components were recovered and BOD and COD were reduced more than 99% and 98%, respectively, at a WCR of 6.     

The Cyclic Model Analysis on Sequential Patterns

Sequential pattern mining has been used to predict various aspects of customer buying behavior for a long time. Discovered sequence reveals the chronological relation between items and provides valuable information to aid in developing marketing strategies. Nevertheless, we can hardly know whether the buying is cyclic and how long the interval between the two consecutive items in the sequential pattern is. To solve this problem, in this paper, data mining skills and the fundamentals of statistics are combined to develop a set of algorithms to unearth the cyclic properties of discovered sequential patterns. The algorithms, coupled with the sequential pattern mining process, constitute a thorough scheme to analyze and predict likely consumer behavior. The proposed algorithms are implemented and applied to test against real data collected from a consumer goods company. The experimental results illustrate how the model can be used to predict likely purchases within a certain time frame. Consequently, marketing professionals can execute campaigns to favorably impact customers' behaviors.     

State matrix identification via Poisson moment functionals

Poisson moment functional are used here to identify the state matrix of linear time-invariant systems. The method provides an effective system identification algorithm in the presence of arbitrary unknown initial conditions of control systems. The method has the desirable attributes of good accuracy, direct sample data, case of calculation, and suitability for state-space models and arbitrary initial conditions. Examples are included to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method.     

Stress concentration factors of a general triaxial ellipsoidal cavity

The equivalent inclusion method is applied to solve the stress concentration problem concerning the disturbing effect of a general triaxial ellipsoidal cavity on an otherwise uniform normal stress state. Several useful solutions in simple form for limiting cases are derived and numerical results for general cases are obtained. These findings show the general features of the stress concentration factors around the base equator of the cavity. It is found that (1) when Poisson's ratio of the material is zero, the stress concentration factor does not vary along the equator of the cavity; (2) When the aspect ratio c/b of the cavity is very small, the stress concentration factor is also constant along the equator; (3) In general, the variation of stress concentration factors around the equator is less than 0.17 regardless of Poisson's ratio of the material. Thus, it is concluded that the stress concentration factor may be treated as constant around the equator of an ellipsoidal cavity with only a slight error.     

以不同大气环流模型评估气候变迁对高屏溪流域河川流量

由于气候变迁对于世界各地所造成之影响不一，且不同大气模型模拟所得结果不尽相同，故此类研究存在一定的不确定性。本研究将台湾大学全球变迁中心针对国际政府间气候变迁观察小组(IPCC)公告之大气环流模型(GCM)模拟结果的统计降尺资料，经水文模拟，分析气候变迁对此区域水资源可能造成的冲击及不同模型所得结果之变异。比较不同大气环流模型(包括CGCM2、CCCSR/NIES、ECHAM4、GFDL-R30、HadCM3等模型)所得的情景模拟降雨径流结果，虽然以不同大气环流模型资料模拟后，所得到之流量变化不尽相同，但仍可明显看出在气候变迁影响下，高屏溪流域流量变化趋势大致为，未来丰水期流量上升，而枯水期流量呈现小幅减少趋势。且各模型之变异范围随未来时间愈长其可能变异愈大。枯水期各模型之变异约在-26%~+15%，而丰水期之变异约在-10%~+82%。其中A2情景下枯水期各模型之变异约在-26%~+13%，而丰水期之变异约在-10%~+66%。而B2情景下枯水期各模型之变异约在-18%~+15%，而丰水期之变异约在-3%~+82%。此结果可供相关研究或决策单位参考，以期使气候变迁对水资源之冲击的评估能更佳周详。