TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS DURING MASS TRANSFER IN PARTIALLY MISCIBLE LIQUID-LIQUID SYSTEMS†

In a study of interfacial activity, temperature measurements were made with ten partially miscible systems. In all cases the interfacial temperature showed a fast decrease upon the contact of the two phases, passing through a minimum. Temperature differences of the order of 1 (K) were obtained. In an analysis of the experimental data with two pure heat conduction models, the existence of microconvection currents close to the interface has been suggested.     

Extended adaptive lattice filters for disturbance input processes

The adaptive lattice filter is characterized as an input-dependent filter lying in an impulse disturbance. A modified recursive least-squares algorithm for bad data input is obtained by ‘dead zone’ control of the so-called reflection coefficients. The constraint-input constraint-output for stability analysis of the adaptive filter is specified as a sufficient condition.     

Recovery of Glutamic Acid from Fermentation Broth by Membrane Processing

Recovery of glutamic acid from the fermentation broth by membrane processing was investigated. The broth was ultrafiltered (UF), and the retentate was diafiltered (DF) to wash out the remaining product. The dilute DF permeate was concentrated by reverse osmosis (RO). Recovery of glutamic acid by UF (R_uf) was a function of the volume concentration ratio (VCR); R_uf= 1.052 – 1.048/VCR. High VCR, however, decreased UF flux (J) (J = 14.2 – 5.4 In VCR). The rate of recovery by DF was a function of the turnover ratio. A linear relationship between flux and pressure was found during RO. Separation of glutamic acid from bacterial cells by membrane processing could improve the efficiencies of subsequent evaporation and crystallization processes.     

Functional and Immunological Properties of Casein Hydrolysate Produced from a Two-Stage Membrane System

A uniform hydrolysate with a relatively low free amino acid content (<5%) was produced from bovine casein with a commercial protease (Alcalase) in a two-stage membrane reactor. The trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen was 98.68% and degree of hydrolysis was 23.2% for the second-stage hydrolysate. The retained immunologically active casein was 2.32% and whey protein was 1.09% in the hydrolysate as determined by ELISA. The second-stage protein hydrolysate was completely soluble at 2% (w/v) from pH 3.0 to 9.0. Water sorption increased two to four times at water activities of 0.33 to 0.95 as compared to untreated casein.     

Retention of Passion Fruit Juice Compounds by Ultrafiltration

Recovery of passion fruit juice compounds by ultrafiltration was studied using a tubular system equipped with a 25,000 dalton nominal M.W. cut-off membrane. The retentivities of many important flavor compounds, such as β-ionone, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl butyrate and hexyl hexanoate, were 80% or higher when operating at 20°C and 12 bar of pressure. Retentivities of sugars and organic acids were between 10 to 40%. The retentivities increased as the concentration ratio increased.     

A practical fuzzy controllers scheme of overhead crane

1IntroductionThe overhead crane systemis widely usedinindustryformoving heavy cargos .Thus anti_sway and position controlhave become the requirements as a core technology forautomated crane systemthat are capable of flexible spatialautomatic conveyance .The purpose of crane control is to reduce the swing ofthe load while movingthe trolleyto the desired position asfast as possible .However ,the overhead crane has seriousproblems :the crane acceleration,required for motion,always induces undesir…     

HPLC Analysis of Capsaicins and Simultaneous Determination of Capsaicins and Piperine by HPLC-ECD and UV

A highly sensitive liquid chromatographic procedure with electrochemical detection (ECD) was developed to separate and quantitate major capsaicins, the pungent principles of red and green pepper. Although complete chromatographic separation of capsaicins from piperines was not achieved, electrochemical (EC) monitoring at 0.4V applied potential detected only the electroactive capsaicins. Ultraviolet (UV) monitoring at 340 nm detected only the strongly absorbing piperine. Thus, simultaneous determination of capsaicins and piperine were achieved by the applications of both EC and UV detections.     

无镍封孔剂对铝阳极染色封孔效果的影响

探讨了使用不含镍与含镍的封孔剂在铝阳极染色与封孔上的差异性.结果表明,无镍封孔剂与含镍封孔剂皆可有效封孔,但使用无镍封孔剂不仅可以更有效地减轻流色问题,而且更环保.     

Sedimentary erosive processes and sediment dispersal in Kaoping submarine canyon

The Kaoping submarine canyon,connected to the Kaoping River in the coastal plain in SW Taiwan,continues the dispersal path of modern Kaoping River sediments,from an active small mountainous drain basin to the receiving basin of the South China Sea.Using seismic reflection sections,Chirp sonar profiles,and bathymetric mapping,we reveal characteristic erosive processes responsible for multiple cut-and-fill features,deeply entrenched thalweg,and sediment dispersal that are closely related to turbidity currents...