Ultrafiltration of Skimmilk in Hollow Fibers

Flux in hollow fiber ultrafiltration of skimmilk was modelled over the entire pressure-flux region using the resistance approach. The Hagen-Poiseuille model was adequate to describe water flux data: effect of temperature could be largely accounted for by viscosity of permeate. To describe skimmilk data, the model was modified to include a term due to resistance of the polarized layer (R_P) and R_F, a resistance due to fouling by specific membrane-solute interactions. R_F was relatively independent of operating parameters, but R_p was a function of velocity and feed concentration at a particular temperature. Under typical conditions of hollow fiber ultrafiltration of skimmilk, the membrane and fouling layer appeared to contribute little resistance to flux compared to resistance of the polarized layer.     

Kinetics of Phase Transition of Waxy Corn Starch at Extrusion Temperatures and Moisture Contents

Thermal energy effect on the phase transition of a waxy corn starch, Amioca, with different amount of water was evaluated by using differential scanning calorimetry. For water content less than 40% (w/ w), the kinetics of the conversion of starch followed the pseudo-zeroth order. An activation energy of 33.78 kcal/mol for 80% Amioca and that of 44.25 kcal/mol for 75% Amioca in the Amioca-water system were obtained from the Arrhenius relation. A useful correlation between the rate constant of conversion and a nondimensional temperature parameter, T/T_p, was found from various sources and with various moisture contents.     

一种基于连续线性规划的静态稳定预防控制方法

针对故障后不存在静态稳定平衡点的严重失稳故障,提出了一种静态稳定预防控制算法。该方法基于连续线性规划技术,将预防控制问题分解为故障参数空间上虚拟稳定临界点及其控制灵敏度的计算子问题和基于灵敏度的线性规划控制子问题。在前一个子问题中,运用故障连续潮流工具分别计算得到每个失稳故障的虚拟稳定临界点;在后一个子问题中,采用了筛选参与控制集和限制可控区间等策略来提高线性规划问题计算的有效性。对国外一个3000节点的实际系统的应用表明了所提出的算法是有效、实用的。     

Imperfect model reference adaptive control: deadbeat output error approach

It is well known that while the perfect model matching condition (i.e. unstable plant zeros must be zeros of the reference model) is not met, the model reference adaptive control cannot easily be implemented. In adaptive control systems, since the plant is assumed to be unknown previously, it is a difficult task to choose an adequate reference model such that the perfect model matching condition is guaranteed in every adaptive step. In this paper, a new design algorithm for model reference adaptive control systems is proposed to synthesize an adaptive controller such that the error between the reference model output and the plant output can vanish in a deadbeat manner. In this situation, the stringent matching condition can be relaxed in every adaptive step, so our design algorithm is also suitable for unstable or non-minimum phase systems. Several simulation results are presented to illustrate the good behaviour of our design algorithm.     

Knowledge-based approach to the optimal dock arrangement

A problem frequently encountered in ports is the sequencing of waiting ships for berthing to load or unload so that the total demurrage cost incurred is minimized. Here a knowledge-based approach is applied to solve this problem. The constraints of the port and the working rules adopted by the port are expressed as knowledge rules and embedded into the framework of the logic of dock arrangement. With the inference mechanism of a knowledge engineering language OPS5, the best arrangement of the docks can be inferred. Since the operation rules differ from port to port, the problem is confined to the material docks of the China Steel Corporation. A system entitled DOCK is designed to find the best three available alternatives. The idea can be applied and the DOCK system modified for use by other ports.     

电雷管导线自动绕线机控制系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种基于PLC 4轴位控模块的电雷管导线自动绕线机控制系统。首先给出了绕线机的结构设计,然后详细分析了控制系统的硬件组成和控制系统软件设计的方法。系统采用触摸屏作为人机界面,实现了绕线工艺的柔性化,工艺参数修改方便。系统用于绕线生产后,运行稳定,操作便捷,自动化程度高,深受用户好评。     

Sequential Precipitation of MgAl2O4 on Mg1-x CaxAl2O4 in Hot-Pressed MgO Single Crystals

In a hot-pressed and deformed MgO single crystal, precipitates of Mg_1-xCa_xAl₂O₄ spinel upon which MgAl₂O₄ spinel subsequently precipitated were observed and analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This behavior is related to the respective solubility limits of CaO and Al₂O₃ in MgO at the hot-pressing temperature and may be aided by impurity segregation to the dislocations. The spinel selectively precipitated at the nodes of a dislocation network which was formed during [001] hot-pressing deformation, as a result of the reaction b₃= b₁+ b₂= (1/2) [011] + (1/2)     = [001]. The dislocation is sessile, and the precipitates have a <100>_matrix≨ <100>_spinel coherent relationship.     

A practical fuzzy controllers scheme of overhead crane

This paper presents fuzzy-based design for the control of overhead crane.Instead of analyzing the complex nonlinear crane system,the proposed approach uses simple but effective way to control the crane.There are twin fuzzy controllers which deal with the feedback information,the position of trolley crane and the swing angle of load,to suppress the sway and accelerate the speed when the crane transports the heavy load.This approach simplifies the designing procedure of crane controller;besides,the twin controller method reduces the rule number when fulfilling the fuzzy system.Finally,experimental results through the crane model demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme.     

台北盆地沉积物的热释光年代研究

报道了用热释光断代研究台北盆地沉积物的结果。     

基于模糊灰关联分析的软件引入决策模型

在模糊环境下提出软件引入的决策模型.该模型是基于移除分辨系数的灰关联分析,案例是评价台湾地区路面管理系统的最佳化优选问题.应用德菲法搜集的案例数据显示了省道和县、乡道主管部门对软件的认知差异和需求偏好.采用理想解趋近法(TOPSIS)比较该模型的强健性.对比结果显示两种方法均建议引入MicroPAVER5.1软件,而所提出模型的适用性比TOPSIS更为广泛.