微处理器功耗性能的测试标准

随着嵌入式系统在消费电子和工业设备中的广泛应用,功耗已经开始像时钟速度和系统性能一样成为微处理器的一个核心特性.为了确定各种微处理器的功耗效率,嵌入式微处理器基准协会开发了一个有力的工具--EnergyBench.     

Investitionsbedarf und zukünftige Bedeutung der Versorgungssicherheit in Europa und Österreich

Europe urgently needs an investment boom in the fields of power generation, transmission, and distribution. Until 2030 the current generation portfolio will de facto have to be replaced. Especially in the liberalized market environment, investors rely on a clear and uncompromising regulatory environment, which is still lacking today. The investments required will only happen, if political commitment results in easier and fast-track licensing procedures. Clearly formulated energy targets for Europe and uncompromising free market approaches at EU and national level are the key to guarantee trust in a sufficiently stable regulatory environment. They are also a prerequisite for ensuring that market signals for investments will be acted upon.     

Integration of Stiff Graphene and Tough Silk for the Design and Fabrication of Versatile Electronic Materials

The production of structural and functional materials with enhanced mechanical properties through the integration of soft and hard components is a common approach to Nature's material design. However, directly mimicking these optimized design routes in the lab for practical applications remains challenging. For example, graphene and silk are two materials with complementary mechanical properties that feature ultrahigh stiffness and toughness, respectively. Yet, no simple and controllable approach is developed to homogeneously integrate these two components into functional composites, mainly due to the hydrophobicity and chemical inertness of graphene. In this study, well‐dispersed and highly stable graphene/silk fibroin (SF) suspension systems are developed, which are suitable for processing to fabricate polymorphic materials, such as films, fibers, and coatings. The obtained graphene/SF nanocomposites maintain the electronic advantages of graphene, and they also allow tailorable mechanical performance to form including ultrahigh stretchable (with a strain to failure to 611 ± 85%), or high strength (339 MPa) and high stiffness (7.4 GPa) material systems. More remarkably, the electrical resistances of these graphene/SF materials are sensitive to material deformation, body movement, as well as humidity and chemical environmental changes. These unique features promise their utility as wearable sensors, smart textiles, intelligent skins, and human–machine interfaces.     

Breaking the Limits of Ionic Liquid‐Based Supercapacitors: Mesoporous Carbon Electrodes Functionalized with Manganese Oxide Nanosplotches for Dense,Stable, and Wide‐Temperature Energy Storage

Manganese oxide (MnO₂) nanosplotches (NSs) are deposited on N‐ and S‐doped ordered mesoporous carbon (N,S‐CMK‐3) essentially blocking microporosity. The obtained N,S‐CMK‐3/MnO₂ composite materials are assembled into ionic liquid (IL)‐based symmetric supercapacitors, which exhibit a high specific capacitance of 200 F g^?1 (0–3.5 V) at a scan rate of 2 mV s^?1, and good rate stability with 55.5% capacitance retention at a scan rate of 100 mV s^?1. The device can operate in a wide temperature range (?20 to 60 °C), and high cycling stability of N,S‐CMK‐3/MnO₂ composite electrode is demonstrated. Lower energy of ?3.56 eV can be achieved for the adsorption of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium⁺ (EMIM⁺) cation on the edge between MnO₂ NSs and N,S‐CMK‐3 than on the plane of MnO₂ NS (?3.04 eV), both being more preferred than the surface of pristine N,S‐CMK‐3 (?1.52 eV). This strengthening of the ion adsorption at the three‐phase boundary between N,S‐CMK‐3, MnO₂, and IL leads to enhancement of the specific capacity as compared to nondoped or MnO₂‐free reference materials. Supercapacitors based on such composite electrodes show significantly enhanced areal capacity pointing to energy storage in the mesopores rather than in the electrochemical surface layer, demonstrating a new energy storage mechanism in ILs.     

Vier Jahre Selbstregulierung der Telekommunikation in österreich

The year 1998 marked the liberalization of the speech telephony market in the European Union. Regulatory bodies and operators were challenged to create a regulatory and technical environment in order to forge the emerging patchwork of infrastructure into a homogenous telecommunications network. In addition to regulatory proceedings it was essential to launch a multilateral forum for the discussion of administrative, operative and accounting problems. In March 1999 the Austrian Telecommunications Operator Forum (AK-TK) was formed. This article deals with the experience of four years operator’s negotiations in the emerging telecom market.     

Windenergieausbau als Teil der Ökostromentwicklung

The new law for the support of electricity produced by renewable sources in Austria (Ökostromgesetz) which came into force with the beginning of 2003, shows its impacts already after the first months. Investments into wind power have increased considerably. These will be accompanied by activities for electricity production by biomass and biogas. The 4%-target quota will probably be reached earlier than the 2008 target period of the law.     

处理器性能推动车载娱乐系统的发展

以前,汽车还只是一种普通而简单的运输工具.随着电子时代的来临,从防刹车死锁到汽车仪表板,电子和半导体器件在汽车领域的应用变得日益广泛.现在,应用在汽车中的电子娱乐设备将更直接的出现在你面前,比如一个后排座的DVD播放器(其实可以把一个车载收音机也称作娱乐设备,但是它不能像DVD播放器那样令人兴奋).实际上,人们已经有能力在汽车中集成具有无线连接能力的DVD播放器、移动电话、全球定位系统、MP3播放器、卫星电台和因特网浏览器,所有这些都可以通过语音识别和中央控制系统来操控.     

Autonomously Self‐Reporting Hard Coatings: Tracking the Temporal Oxidation Behavior of TiN by In Situ Sheet Resistance Measurements

Monitoring the structural health and integrity of coated components is of vital importance to increase their lifetime and the overall sustainability of the targeted applications. Here, the temporal oxidation behavior of TiN thin films is tracked using in situ sheet resistance measurements. Based on correlative film morphology, structure, and local composition data, it is evident that observed resistance changes are caused by oxidation of TiN. Thickness measurements of the remaining TiN under the oxide layer are in very good agreement with thicknesses deduced from in situ sheet resistance measurements. Hence, the in situ measured sheet resistance is an autonomous self‐reporting property useful for tracking the temporal oxidation behavior of TiN coatings.     

Surface Chemistry Dictates the Osteogenic and Antimicrobial Properties of Palladium-, Platinum-, and Titanium-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses

Titanium alloys are commonly used as biomaterials in musculoskeletal applications, but their long-term efficacy can be limited by wear and corrosion, stress shielding, and bacterial colonization. As a promising alternative, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) offer superior strength and corrosion resistance, but the influence of their chemical composition on their bioactivity remains largely unexplored. This study, therefore, aims to examine how the surface chemistry of palladium (Pd)-, platinum (Pt)-, and titanium (Ti)-based BMGs can steer their response to biological systems. The chemical composition of BMGs governs their thermophysical and mechanical properties, with Pd-based BMGs showing exceptional glass-forming ability suitable for larger implants, and all BMGs exhibiting a significantly lower Young's modulus than Ti-6Al-4 V (Ti64), suggesting a potential to reduce stress shielding. Although BMGs feature copper depletion at the near surface, their surface chemistry remains more stable than that of Ti64 and supports blood biocompatibility. Fibrin network formation is heavily dependent on BMGs’ chemical composition and Ti-based BMGs support thicker fibrin network formation than Ti64. Furthermore, BMGs outperform Ti64 in promoting mineralization of human bone progenitor cells and demonstrate antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus in a surface chemistry-dependent manner, thereby indicating their great potential as biomaterials for musculoskeletal applications.