Design of coplanar waveguide multilayer square spiral inductors for monolithic microwave integrated circuits

A square indicator using multilayer coplanar waveguide transmission lines on a GaAs fabricated by using monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) technology is presented. The polyimide layer formation, curing and dry etching processes are used in an attempt to obtain high quality dielectric layers suitable for MMIC applications. The experimental fabrication progress provides two metal layers with two polyimide spacer dielectric layers. A brief overview of the electromagnetic design process is included. The performance of the proposed spiral inductor is investigated experimentally and with electromagnetic simulations (Sonnet em) up to 20 GHz using RF‐on‐water measurements. A very good agreement is achieved, despite the highly three‐dimensional nature of the structure. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 9: 86–92, 1999     

Interlayer Gap Effect on the Dynamics and Strength of Two-Layer Metal Composite Cylinders under Internal Explosion

Strength of Materials - The effect of contact conditions and the gap between the metal and composite layers on the stress-strain state and strength of a two-layer metal composite cylinder under...     

Corrosion and electrochemical properties of hot-pressed chromium nitride

Conclusions The conditions of synthesis of chromium nitride Cr₂N and of hot pressing of powder of it to obtain compact specimens of high density were determined more accurately. The kinetics of corrosion of the metallic and nonmetallic components of Cr₂N were studied in a broad range of potentials. The high reaction capacity of its nitrogen component, which is reduced intensely to ammonium ion in reducing and weakly oxidizing media, was established.It was concluded that there is a possible influence of Cr₂N on the corrosion behavior of stainless steels as a constituent of composite materials and as an excess phase.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 5(293), pp. 46–50, May, 1987.     

Achievable performance of turbo codes over the correlated Rician channel

The performance of turbo codes is evaluated through analysis and simulation over the Rice multiplicative fading channel. The analysis is conducted extending the results presented by A.M. Viterbi and A.J. Viterbi (see Proc. ISIT'98, p.29, 1998) to the Rice multiplicative fading channel case. Simulation results are obtained using an extended version of the improved Jakes' channel simulator, first presented by M.F. Pop and N.C. Beaulieu (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.49, p.699-708, 2001).     

Determination of the tension in a jet of polymer solution

Conclusions A contactless, high-sensitivity method has been developed, which permits one to measure the tension in various points over the length of a jet from the form of the bend in a jet of polymer under the action of a directed air stream.The dependence of the tension in jets of solutions of polyacrylonitrile of various concentrations on rate of take-up has been investigated.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 31–32, November–December, 1984.     

Properties of aluminum alloys with a titanium nitride coating

The creation of a titanium nitride coating on the surface of articles is one of the most effective methods of enhancing the wear resistance of materials. This coating is also promising from the standpoint of the possibility of achieving high hardness, strength, and simultaneously good protective-and-decorative surface properties. We investigated the possibility of improving the tribotechnical characteristics and corrosion resistance of the widely known aluminum alloys PV-90, D16, and 1420 using the titanium nitride coatings applied by the ionplasma method.N. É. Bauman Moscow State Technical University. All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials. L. Ya. Karpov Scientific Institute of Physical Chemistry. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 6, pp. 20–23, June, 1994.     

An Experimental Investigation of an Avalanche of Relativistic Runaway Electrons under Normal Conditions

The development of avalanches of relativistic runaway electrons is investigated in an experiment similar to the classical Townsend experiment, but in the relativistic energy region. A large-scale laboratory setup is developed with an operating voltage of up to 1.2 MV, which is a chamber with flat electrodes separated by a segmented insulator. A sensitive collector method of analyzing the spectra of high-energy electrons is developed, which is used in electron detectors with a large collecting surface. The multiplication of relativistic electrons in the air is investigated at voltages of up to 1.0 MV. The initial stage of a relativistic electron avalanche is realized for the first time. The results of measurements agree with the results of Monte Carlo simulation.     

Comparison of littoral and deep water sampling methods for assessing macroinvertebrate assemblages along the longitudinal profile of a very large river (the Danube River,Europe)

We comparatively examined the role of littoral and deep water sampling methods in assessing macroinvertebrate assemblages and in characterizing longitudinal changes in assemblage structure along >2,500‐km–long course of the Danube River, Europe. The effectiveness of detecting taxa corresponded well with an inshore–offshore gradient in sampling (i.e., distance from shore). Nevertheless, each method (i.e., littoral multihabitat sampling, kick and sweep sampling, and deep water dredging) contributed to some degree to overall taxa richness and species composition. Sampling in different depth zones characterized different assemblages, and consequently, inshore–offshore position was at least as important determinant of assemblage structure as longitudinal position of sampling sites in the river. Although we found significant congruency in the spatial variability of assemblages among the sampling methods, the relationships were only moderate. Our study on the large Danube River confirms studies from smaller rivers in other geographic regions that littoral monitoring provides higher taxa richness and more responsive changes to longitudinal gradients than deep water samples. Nevertheless, it also shows that sampling in different depth zones provides supplementary information on assemblage structure. Understanding changes in macroinvertebrate assemblages related to differences in sampling method is crucial to improve the bioassessment and environmental management of large rivers.