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Panayiotis Vafeas Gaële Perrusson Dominique Lesselier 《International Journal of Engineering Science》2009,47(3):372-390
Inductive electromagnetic means that are currently employed in the exploration of the Earth’s subsurface and embedded voluminous bodies often call for an intensive use, primary at the modeling stage and later on at the inversion stage, of analytically demanding tools of field calculation. Under the aim of modeling implementation, this contribution is concerned with some interesting aspects of the low-frequency interaction of arbitrarily orientated (i.e. three-dimensional) time-harmonic magnetic dipoles, with 3-D perfectly conducting spheroidal bodies embedded in an otherwise homogeneous conductive medium. For many practical applications involving buried obstacles such as Earth’s subsurface electromagnetic probing at low-frequency or any other physical cases (e.g. geoelectromagnetics), non-axisymmetric spheroidal geometry approximates sufficiently such kind of metallic shapes. On the other hand, our analytical approach deals with prolate spheroids, since the corresponding results for the oblate spheroidal geometry can be readily obtained through a simple transformation. The particular physical model concerns a solid impenetrable (metallic) body under a magnetic dipole excitation, where the scattering boundary value problem is attacked via rigorous low-frequency expansions for the incident, scattered and total electric and magnetic fields in terms of positive integral powers of (ik), that is (ik)n for n ? 0, where k stands for the complex wavenumber of the exterior medium. The purpose of the modeling is to contribute to a simple yet versatile tool to infer information on an unknown body from measurements of the three-component electric and magnetic fields nearby. Our goal is to obtain the most important terms of the low-frequency expansions of the electromagnetic fields, that is the static (for n = 0) and the dynamic (n = 1, 2, 3) terms. In particular, for n = 1 there are no incident fields and thus no scattered ones, while for n = 0 the Rayleigh electromagnetic expression is easily obtained in terms of infinite series. Emphasis is given on the calculation of the next two non-trivial terms (at n = 2 and at n = 3) of the aforementioned fields. Consequently, those are found in closed form from exact solutions of coupled (at n = 2, to the one at n = 0) or uncoupled (at n = 3) Laplace equations and they are given in compact fashion, as infinite series expansions for n = 2 or finite forms for n = 3. Nevertheless, the difficulty of the Poisson’s equation that has to be solved for n = 2 is presented, whereas our analytical approach demands the use of the well-known cut-off method in order to obtain an analytical closed solution. Finally, this research adds useful reference results to the already ample library of scattering by simple shapes using analytical methods. 相似文献
64.
Vuillaume D 《Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology》2002,2(3-4):267-279
A survey of the most interesting results on nanometer-scale organic thin film transistors (nano-OTFT) is presented. Additionally, we discuss our recent results on the properties of end-group functionalized organic self-assembled monolayers and on their use in the fabrication of nanometer-scale field-effect transistors. Nanometer-scale organic transistors (channel length 30 nm) were fabricated, with a self-assembled monolayer as gate insulator. The carrier transport in these transistors, as a function of the channel length, was investigated, and a transition from a dispersive to a ballistic transport at a channel length of 200 nm was observed. On a molecular scale, alkyl monolayers functionalized at their omega-ends by aromatic moieties were prepared. A high anisotropic conductivity in molecular insulator/semiconductor heterostructures of monolayer thickness was observed. These molecular architectures provide a basis for the building blocks of molecular transistors. 相似文献
65.
Lenoble J Martin T Blumthaler M Philipona R Albold A Cabot T de La Casinière A Gröbner J Masserot D Müller M Pichler T Seckmeyer G Schmucki D Touré ML Yvon A 《Applied optics》2002,41(9):1629-1639
A measurement campaign was organized in March 1999 in the Bavarian Alps as part of the European project, Characteristics of the UV Radiation Field in the Alps (CUVRA), to analyze the effect of altitude, aerosols, and snow cover on ground-level UV spectral irradiance. We present the results of simultaneous measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) made at various sites on two cloudless days in March 1999. The two days exhibited different aerosol conditions. Results derived from spectral measurements of UV irradiance are compared with data from filter radiometer measurements made at discrete wavelengths extending from the UV to the near IR. The different methods generated values for the AOD that were in good agreement. This result confirms that one can use either method to retrieve the AOD with an uncertainty of approximately 0.03-0.05. On 18 March, high turbidity was observed at low altitude (400-nm AOD approximately 0.5 at 700 m above sea level), and the AOD decreased regularly with altitude; on 24 March, the turbidity was much less (0.11 at 700 m above sea level). On both days very low AODs (0.05-0.09) were measured at 3000 m above sea level. The spectral dependence of the AOD is often parameterized by the angstrom relationship; the alpha parameter is generally difficult or impossible to retrieve from spectral measurements because of the relatively narrow wavelength range (320-400 nm), and only one of the spectro-radiometers used during the campaign permits this retrieval. In most cases, during this field campaign, alpha was found by filter sunphotometers to be 1.1-1.5. 相似文献
66.
Nyström B Becker-Van Slooten K Bérard A Grandjean D Druart JC Leboulanger C 《Water research》2002,36(8):2020-2028
Irgarol 1051 is a recent herbicidal compound, inhibitor of photosynthesis, used in antifouling paints. This toxic is persistent in aquatic environments, with low abiotic and biotic degradation, highly phytotoxic, and has already been detected in estuaries and coastal areas, with suspected negative impacts on non-target organisms (aquatic plants and algae). We measured the toxicity of Irgarol 1051 to macrophytes and phytoplankton from Lake Geneva (between Switzerland and France) by determining chlorophyll fluorescence yield, and phytoplankton primary production. Long-term toxicity for phytoplankton was estimated in a microcosm study, and growth inhibition tests were performed with isolated algal strains. The concentration of Irgarol 1051 was analysed in the water, and the most polluted site showed a higher level (up to 135 ng/L) than the lowest observed effect concentration for phytoplankton (8-80 ng/L), while the macrophytes appeared to be more tolerant to Irgarol 1051 in short-term tests. The microcosm study showed that phytoplankton structure might be even more sensitive to Irgarol 1051. 相似文献
67.
Philippe Lenoir Stphane Bila Dominique Baillargeat Serge Verdeyme 《国际射频与微波计算机辅助工程杂志》2005,15(3):278-285
This article presents an electromagnetic tool for the synthesis of manifold multiplexers — the dynamic inverter. By associating this model with the classical circuit model of the filter, the broadband behaviour of each filter can be analysed rapidly and then optimised accurately for an efficient synthesis of the manifold multiplexer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2005. 相似文献
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69.
Multiple-pass cell for very-long-path infrared spectrometry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A multiple-pass cell for mid-IR spectrometry that has been designed to operate in an evacuable environmental chamber is described. Using this new modified White arrangement, we can significantly increase the path length while keeping the spectrometric beam stable. An approximate expression that ties the number of reflections to the optimal signal-to-noise ratio in multiple-reflection cells is derived. 相似文献
70.
Macías D Vial A Barchiesi D 《Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision》2004,21(8):1465-1471
We introduce an inversion procedure for the characterization of a nanostructure from near-field intensity data. The method proposed is based on heuristic arguments and makes use of evolution strategies for the solution of the inverse problem as a nonlinear constrained-optimization problem. By means of some examples we illustrate the performance of our inversion method. We also discuss its possibilities and potential applications. 相似文献