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21.
Donal T. Hurley 《International Journal of Mechanical Sciences》1983,25(12):945-947
A method first given by Hayes is used to derive a relation between the birefringent wavespeeds observed corresponding to two arbitrary orthonormal triads of propagation directions. The relation is independent of material properties for materials in the given constitutive class, and will therefore be of value to the experimentalist as a test of the applicability of the constitutive relations to a particular sample. 相似文献
22.
Peter A. Levermore Rui Jin Xuhua Wang John C. de Mello Donal D. C. Bradley 《Advanced functional materials》2009,19(6):950-957
A study of the optical properties of poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐bithiophene) (F8T2) is reported, identifying this polymer as one that possesses a desirable combination of charge transport and light emission properties. The optical and morphological properties of a series of polymer blends with F8T2 dispersed in poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) are described and almost pure‐green emission from light emitting diodes (LEDs) based thereon is demonstrated. High luminance green electroluminescence from LEDs using only a thin film of F8T2 for emission is also reported. The latter demonstration for a polymer previously primarily of interest for effective charge transport constitutes an important step in the development of emissive materials for applications where a union of efficient light emission and effective charge transport is required. 相似文献
23.
Ju Huang Quan Liu Jian‐Hua Zou Xu‐Hui Zhu Ai‐Yuan Li Jun‐Wen Li Sha Wu Junbiao Peng Yong Cao Ruidong Xia Donal D. C. Bradley Jean Roncali 《Advanced functional materials》2009,19(18):2978-2986
Soluble molecular red emitters 1a / 1b are synthesized by Stille coupling from 2‐(3,5‐di(1‐naphthyl)phenyl)thiophene precursors. The compounds show emission maxima at ca. 610 nm in CH2Cl2 solution and 620 nm in solid films. Replacing the n‐hexyl substituent by 4‐sec‐butoxyphenyl produces a marked increase of glass transition temperature (Tg) from 82 °C to 137 °C and increases the solubility in toluene and p‐xylene, thus improving the film‐forming properties. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the compounds can be reversibly oxidized and reduced around +1.10 and ?1.20 V, respectively. A two‐layered electroluminescent device based on 1b produces a pure red light emission with CIE coordinates (0.646, 0.350) and a maximal luminous efficiency of 2.1 cd A?1. Furthermore, when used as a solution‐processed red emitter in optically pumped laser devices, compound 1b successfully produces a lasing emission at ca. 650 nm. 相似文献
24.
Tracey M. Clarke Amy M. Ballantyne Jenny Nelson Donal D. C. Bradley James R. Durrant 《Advanced functional materials》2008,18(24):4029-4035
The function of organic solar cells is based upon charge photogeneration at donor/acceptor heterojunctions. In this paper, the origin of the improvement in short circuit current of poly(3‐hexylthiophene)/6,6‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) solar cells with thermal annealing is examined. Transient absorption spectroscopy is employed to demonstrate that thermal annealing results in an approximate two‐fold increase in the yield of dissociated charges. The enhanced charge generation is correlated with a decrease in P3HT's ionization potential upon thermal annealing. These observations are in excellent quantitative agreement with a model in which efficient dissociation of the bound radical pair into free charges is dependent upon the bound radical state being thermally hot when initially generated, enabling it to overcome its coulombic binding energy. These observations provide strong evidence that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level offset of annealed P3HT/PCBM blends may be only just sufficient to drive efficient charge generation in polythiophene‐based solar cells. This has important implications for current strategies to optimize organic photovoltaic device performance based upon the development of smaller optical bandgap polymers. 相似文献
25.
Host Exciton Confinement for Enhanced Förster‐Transfer‐Blend Gain Media Yielding Highly Efficient Yellow‐Green Lasers 下载免费PDF全文
Qi Zhang Jingguan Liu Qi Wei Xiangru Guo Yan Xu Ruidong Xia Linghai Xie Yan Qian Chen Sun Larry Lüer Juan Cabanillas‐Gonzalez Donal D. C. Bradley Wei Huang 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(17)
This paper reports state‐of‐the‐art fluorene‐based yellow‐green conjugated polymer blend gain media using Förster resonant‐energy‐transfer from novel blue‐emitting hosts to yield low threshold (≤7 kW cm?2) lasers operating between 540 and 590 nm. For poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) (15 wt%) blended with the newly synthesized 3,6‐bis(2,7‐di([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)‐9‐phenyl‐9H‐fluoren‐9‐yl)‐9‐octyl‐9H–carbazole (DBPhFCz) a highly desirable more than four times increase (relative to F8BT) in net optical gain to 90 cm?1 and 34 times reduction in amplified spontaneous emission threshold to 3 µJ cm?2 is achieved. Detailed transient absorption studies confirm effective exciton confinement with consequent diffusion‐limited polaron‐pair generation for DBPhFCz. This delays formation of host photoinduced absorption long enough to enable build‐up of the spectrally overlapped, guest optical gain, and resolves a longstanding issue for conjugated polymer photonics. The comprehensive study further establishes that limiting host conjugation length is a key factor therein, with 9,9‐dialkylfluorene trimers also suitable hosts for F8BT but not pentamers, heptamers, or polymers. It is additionally demonstrated that the host highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals can be tuned independently from the guest gain properties. This provides the tantalizing prospect of enhanced electron and hole injection and transport without endangering efficient optical gain; a scenario of great interest for electrically pumped amplifiers and lasers. 相似文献
26.
27.
Colm D Everard Colm P O'Donnell Donal J O'Callaghan Elizabeth M Sheehan Conor M Delahunty Brendan T O'Kennedy Vincent Howard 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2007,87(4):641-650
Textural characteristics of process cheeses varying in emulsifying salt (disodium phosphate), protein and moisture contents were evaluated by rheological compression using texture profile analysis and by sensory evaluation. The primary objective of this study was to predict sensory textural parameters using instrumental rheological parameters. All sensory parameters correlated with one or more instrumental parameters, e.g. rheological firmness versus sensory firmness (R = 0.98, P < 0.001), rheological chewiness versus sensory rubbery (R = 0.92, P < 0.001) and rheological chewiness versus sensory chewy (R = 0.86, P < 0.001). Partial least squares calibration models were developed for each of nine sensory parameters using instrumental parameters. Principal component analysis of instrumental and sensory parameters illustrated relationships among parameters. It was shown that instrumental parameters could be used to supplement sensory evaluation of process cheese texture. Increasing emulsifying salt content increased firmness, springiness and chewiness and decreased adhesiveness, mouthcoating and mass formation. Increasing protein content resulted in increased fracture strain and stress and chewiness and decreased melting. Increasing moisture content increased cohesiveness and decreased firmness and chewiness. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
28.
Lei Yu Jie Liu Sujun Hu Ruifeng He Wei Yang Hongbin Wu Junbiao Peng Ruidong Xia Donal D. C. Bradley 《Advanced functional materials》2013,23(35):4366-4376
A series of blue (B), green (G) and red (R) light‐emitting, 9,9‐bis(4‐(2‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)phenyl)fluorene (PPF) based polymers containing a dibenzothiophene‐S,S‐dioxide (SO) unit (PPF‐SO polymer), with an additional benzothiadiazole (BT) unit (PPF‐SO‐BT polymer) or a 4,7‐di(4‐hexylthien‐2‐yl)‐benzothiadiazole (DHTBT) unit (PPF‐SO‐DHTBT polymer) are synthesized. These polymers exhibit high fluorescence yields and good thermal stability. Light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) using PPF‐SO25, PPF‐SO15‐BT1, and PPF‐SO15‐DHTBT1 as emission polymers have maximum efficiencies LEmax = 7.0, 17.6 and 6.1 cd A?1 with CIE coordinates (0.15, 0.17), (0.37, 0.56) and (0.62, 0.36), respectively. 1D distributed feedback lasers using PPF‐SO30 as the gain medium are demonstrated, with a wavelength tuning range 467 to 487 nm and low pump energy thresholds (≥18 nJ). Blending different ratios of B (PPF‐SO), G (PPF‐SO‐BT) and R (PPF‐SO‐DHTBT) polymers allows highly efficient white polymer light‐emitting diodes (WPLEDs) to be realized. The optimized devices have an attractive color temperature close to 4700 K and an excellent color rendering index (CRI) ≥90. They are relatively stable, with the emission color remaining almost unchanged when the current densities increase from 20 to 260 mA cm?2. The use of these polymers enables WPLEDs with a superior trade‐off between device efficiency, CRI, and color stability. 相似文献
29.
Ravi P. Agarwal Donal O’Regan Baoqiang Yan 《Journal of Dynamical and Control Systems》2009,15(1):1-26
The existence of multiple positive solutions for the singular Dirichlet boundary-value problem
is presented by using the fixed point index; here f may be singular at x = 0.
This work was partially supported by the Foundation of Natural Science of Shandong Province. 相似文献
30.
Paul H. Wöbkenberg Donal D.C. Bradley David Kronholm Jan C. Hummelen Dago M. de Leeuw Michael Cölle Thomas D. Anthopoulos 《Synthetic Metals》2008
We report on n-channel organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on the solution processable methanofullerenes [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid ester ([60]PCBM) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester ([70]PCBM). Despite the fact that both derivatives form glassy films when processed from solution, their electron mobilities are high and on the order of 0.21 cm2/V s and 0.1 cm2/V s, for [60]PCBM and [70]PCBM, respectively. Although the derived mobility of [60]PCBM is comparable to the best values reported in the literature, the electron mobility of [70]PCBM is the highest value reported to date for any C70 based molecule. We note that this is the only report in which C60 and C70 methanofullerenes exhibit comparable electron mobilities. The present findings could have significant implications in the area of large-area organic electronics and organic photovoltaics where C60 derivatives have so far been the most widely used electron acceptor materials. 相似文献