An improved mathematical solution for the calculation of the parabolic rate constant for the growth of nonuniformly doped oxides on dilute alloys

A method of calculation of the parabolic rate constant for the formation of scales of nonuniform composition over dilute alloys making use of the experimental profile of the impurity concentration through the scale but not requiring assumptions about the profile of the oxygen activity is proposed. Application of this procedure to a system for which a method developed previously and making use of an approximate form of the oxygen activity profile was unable to yield a stable value of the rate constant shows that this procedure is both more accurate and faster.     

Optimized silicon-rich oxide (SRO) deposition process for 5 V onlyflash EEPROM applications

A process for depositing in-situ very-thin (<10 nm) SiO₂ films on top of a silicon-rich oxide (SRO) layer in a standard low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) reactor has been optimized. Polysilicon-gate MOS capacitors using this stacked dielectric have shown high tunneling current at low voltages and an extraordinary endurance to electrical stress. Capacitors with 7 nm LPCVD SiO₂ on top of 10 nm SRO did not show any relevant shift on either the low or high portion of the I-V characteristic, after a fluence of more than 500 C/cm² at J=0.1 A/cm² . The results add further support to the usefulness of implementing these stacked dielectric structures in a variety of nonvolatile memory devices     

A sequential analytical method for the howard mould count test of tomato products

The Howard Mould Count of tomato products, as generally performed, was considered, and an approach was sought which would give greater reliability while reducing the number of fields which need to be examined. A sequential analytical method was developed and applied. The equations of the sequential acceptance/rejection lines were converted to graphical form for direct laboratory use, at various maximum Mould Count limits. The procedure is explained and illustrated. For screening purposes, reliable results will often be obtained even when the number of fields examined is below the minimum (50) required by the official procedure; for regulatory purposes, a test may require more than 50 fields to be examined in order to give a reliable result, but less than an arbitrary set number (say, 100) from every sample.     

Team development: A true field experiment at three levels of rigor.

Assigned 18 logistics units in the Israel Defense Forces to either experimental (team development [TD]) or control conditions to determine the effect of TD on team organization and functioning. The 9 experimental units underwent a 3-day TD workshop. 30 subordinates in each unit completed questionnaires describing their unit before and after TD. Although subjective after-only reports of the command personnel who had participated in the workshops were positive, more rigorous before–after comparisons among both command personnel and subordinates demonstrated that TD failed to improve organizational functioning. It is suggested that instead of using a dichotomous approach to evaluation (either the intervention worked or it did not), a battery of ordered evaluation criteria should be used to show how far an intervention went. (21 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Several metastable alkaline earth feldspar modifications

Various metastable crystalline forms of alkaline earth feldspars were produced by the method of catalysed crystallisation of glass. Results obtained by differential thermal analysis and thermal expansion measurements suggest the existence of low-high displacive transformations in SrAl₂Si₂O₈ and CaAl₂Si₂O₈. The former is rapid and analogous to the one known in BaAl₂Si₂O₈ and the latter is rather sluggish. This study was carried out while the author was an employee at Corning Glass Works.     

南瓜果实愈伤期间果皮和果肉苯丙烷代谢和愈伤组织的比较

目的：研究南瓜果实愈伤期间果皮和果肉苯丙烷代谢关键酶活力和产物含量的变化,以及聚酚软木脂和木质素积累的差异。方法：对人工模拟损伤的南瓜果实在室温黑暗条件下进行愈伤处理,测定果皮和果肉苯丙烷代谢关键酶和过氧化物酶活力,苯丙烷代谢产物以及H2O2含量,观察果皮和果肉伤口处聚酚软木脂和木质素的积累。结果：愈伤期间,果皮的肉桂酸、p-香豆酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、芥子酸和总酚以及肉桂醇、松柏醇、芥子醇和木质素的含量均高于果肉。果皮的聚酚软木脂和木质素的积累速率和积累量明显高于果肉,愈伤第7天时,细胞层厚度分别高出果肉17.55%和24.37%。同时,果皮的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶、4-香豆酰-辅酶A连接酶、肉桂醇脱氢酶、过氧化物酶活力均高于果肉,愈伤第5天时,上述酶活力分别高出果肉24.71%、42.31%、21.65%、13.41%和37.51%。此外,果皮的H2O2含量也显著高于果肉（P＜0.05）,愈伤第7天时,高出果肉32.75%。结论：南瓜果皮比果肉具有更高的苯丙烷代谢活力和产物含量,以及更高的H2O2含量和过氧化物酶活力,果皮聚酚软木脂和木质素的积累速率和积累量也明显高于果肉。综上所述,表皮的损伤具有较快的愈合速率,果肉的损伤不易愈合反而会加重果实腐烂。因此,南瓜采后应尽量减少伤及果肉的深层损伤。     

The effects of stainless steel finish on Salmonella Typhimurium attachment,biofilm formation and sensitivity to chlorine

Bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on stainless steel (SS) surfaces can be sources for cross contamination in food processing facilities, possessing a great threat to public health and food quality. Here the aim was to demonstrate the influence of surface finish of AISI 316 SS on colonization, biofilm formation and susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium to disinfection.     

Effects of crew composition on crew performance: Does the whole equal the sum of its parts?

Varied the composition of Israeli 3-person military crews (mean age 19 yrs) by assigning the male members according to all possible combinations of levels of ability and motivation. Crews performed real military tasks in a military field setting, and unit commanders ranked the effectiveness of their performance at the end of 2 mo of military activity. There were 208 crews, or 624 Ss, in all. Findings show that both ability and motivation had an additive effect on crew performance. Crew composition effects were found for ability but not for motivation. The performance of uniformly high-ability crew members far exceeded the levels expected on the basis of individual crew members' ability, whereas the performance of uniformly low-ability crews fell considerably below the expected level. It is concluded that when crews perform highly interdependent tasks, performance is likely to be affected in a nonadditive manner by crew composition. (35 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)