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71.
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Ahmed Amine Rekik Florence Azaïs Norbert Dumas Frédérick Mailly Pascal Nouet 《Journal of Electronic Testing》2011,27(3):411-423
This paper presents a behavioral model that can be used to improve the manufacturability of systems based on MEMS convective sensors. This model permits to handle faults related to process scattering, taking into account not only the electrical and lateral geometrical parameters but also the influence of the cavity depth. Moreover correlations between conductive and convective phenomena are included. The model is validated with respect to FEM simulations and a very good agreement is obtained between the behavioral model and FEM results. The proposed model can then be used in system-level simulations, for instance to evaluate the impact of process scattering on the performances of the sensing part and/or to investigate different design and calibration strategies with respect to the system robustness. 相似文献
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主蒸汽压力是电厂热工过程控制中的重要参数,由于锅炉燃烧工况变化较大,主汽压对象模型具有不确定性,常规控制方法很难得到预期的控制效果。为提高系统控制品质,提出了主汽压系统的H∞混合灵敏度设计方法,给出了选择加权函数的具体方法,采用MATLAB软件进行仿真计算,得到H∞最优控制器。仿真结果表明,在对象模型参数发生较大变化时,与常规PID调节方法相比,H∞最优控制器能使主汽压控制系统具有良好的鲁棒稳定性和动态性能。 相似文献
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Marijuana, Cannabis sativa, elicits a variety of effects in experimental animals and humans. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the major psychoactive component in marijuana. This substance has been shown, also, to be immunosuppressive and to decrease host resistance to bacterial, protozoan, and viral infections. Macrophages, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells appear to be major targets of the immunosuppressive effects of THC. Definitive data which directly link marijuana use to increased susceptibility to infection in humans currently is unavailable. However, cumulative reports indicating that THC alters resistance to infection in vitro and in a variety of experimental animals support the hypothesis that a similar effect occurs in humans. 相似文献
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KA Cook TE Dobbs WG Hlady JG Wells TJ Barrett ND Puhr GA Lancette DW Bodager BL Toth CA Genese AK Highsmith KE Pilot L Finelli DL Swerdlow 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,280(17):1504-1509
CONTEXT: Acidic foods such as orange juice have been thought to be unlikely vehicles of foodborne illness. OBJECTIVE: To investigate an outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Hartford (Salmonella Hartford) infections among persons visiting a theme park in Orlando, Fla, in 1995. DESIGN: Review of surveillance data, matched case-control study, laboratory investigation, and environmental studies. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: The surveillance case definition was Salmonella Hartford or Salmonella serogroup C1 infection in a resident of or a visitor to Orlando in May or June 1995. In the case-control study, case patients were limited to theme park hotel visitors and controls were matched to case patients by age group and hotel check-in date. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk factors for infection and source of implicated food. RESULTS: Sixty-two case patients from 21 states were identified. Both Salmonella Hartford and Salmonella enterica serotype Gaminara (Salmonella Gaminara) were isolated from stool samples of 1 ill person. Thirty-two case patients and 83 controls were enrolled in the case-control study. Ninety-seven percent of case patients had drunk orange juice in the theme park vs 54% of controls (matched odds ratio, undefined; 95% confidence interval, 5.2 to undefined). The orange juice was unpasteurized and locally produced. Salmonella Gaminara was isolated from 10 of 12 containers of orange juice produced during May and July, indicating ongoing contamination of juice probably because of inadequately sanitized processing equipment. CONCLUSIONS: Unpasteurized orange juice caused an outbreak of salmonellosis in a large Florida theme park. All orange juice was recalled and the processing plant closed. Pasteurization or other equally effective risk-management strategies should be used in the production of all juices. 相似文献
79.
DL Uhlman P Nguyen JC Manivel G Zhang K Hagen E Fraley D Aeppli GA Niehans 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,1(8):913-920
Papillary renal carcinomas are a cytogenetically unique subset of renal carcinomas that have been reported to be clinically less aggressive. We have examined 19 papillary tumors for immunohistochemical expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and its ligand, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). EGF-R and TGF-alpha expression was also studied in 149 nonpapillary tumors and 7 mixed papillary/solid tumors. EGF-R and TGF-alpha expression were compared to histology, stage, metastatic behavior, and survival. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded nephrectomy specimens collected between 1977 and 1986 were stained with antibodies to EGF-R and TGF-alpha. Patients with papillary tumors were found to present with earlier stage disease and had significantly longer survival. Papillary tumors had a significantly lower rate of EGF-R positivity than solid pattern tumors (21% versus 73%, P < 0.001). Intermediate or strong cell membrane immunoreactivity for EGF-R was associated with high tumor grade and poor disease-specific survival. EGF-R positivity in the primary tumor was associated with the presence of metastatic disease and with metastatic spread to lung versus bone. Tumor parenchymal TGF-alpha staining was present in 50% of the cases and was not associated with stage or grade. Unrelated to tumor parenchymal TGF staining, tumor vessels stained for TGF-alpha in 56% of the cases. Vessel TGF-alpha staining was absent in papillary tumors (P < 0.001). The improved clinical behavior of papillary tumors as compared to nonpapillary renal tumors may be related, in part, to their relatively lower levels of EGF-R expression. 相似文献
80.
N Maulik DT Engelman M Watanabe RM Engelman G Maulik GA Cordis DK Das 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,30(4):593-601
OBJECTIVE: Several recent studies have implicated a role of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury. However, the mechanism by which NO exerts its beneficial/detrimental effects remains unknown. This study examined the intracellular signaling of NO by studying the role of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway on the phospho-diesteratic breakdown and turnover of phosphoinositides during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS: Isolated working rat hearts were made ischemic for 30 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion. A separate group of hearts were pre-perfused with 3 mM L-arginine for 10 min prior to ischemia. The release of NO was monitored using an on-line amperometric sensor. The aortic flow and developed pressure were examined to determine the effects of L-arginine on ischemic/reperfusion injury. For signal transduction experiments, sarcolemmal membranes were radiolabeled by perfusing the isolated hearts with [3H]myoinositol and [14C]arachidonic acid. Hearts were then perfused for 10 min in the presence or absence of L-arginine via the Langendorff mode. Ischemia was induced for 30 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Experiments were terminated before L-arginine and after L-arginine treatment, after ischemia, and during reperfusion. Biopsies were processed to determine the isotopic incorporation into various phosphoinositols as well as phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol. cGMP was assayed by radioimmunoassay and SOD content was determined by enzymatic analysis. RESULTS: The release of NO was diminished following ischemia and reperfusion and was augmented by L-arginine. L-Arginine reduced ischemic/reperfusion injury as evidenced by the enhanced myocardial functional recovery. cGMP, which remained unaffected by ischemia and reperfusion, was stimulated significantly after L-arginine treatment. The cGMP level persisted up to 10 min of reperfusion and then dropped slightly. Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium resulted in significant accumulation of radiolabeled inositol phosphate, inositol bisphosphate, and inositol triphosphate. Isotopic incorporation of [3H]inositol into phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate was increased significantly during reperfusion. Reperfusion of the ischemic heart prelabeled with [14C]-arachidonic acid resulted in modest increases in [14C]diacylglycerol and [14C]phosphatidic acid. Pretreatment of the heart with L-arginine significantly reversed this enhanced phosphodiesteratic breakdown during ischemia and early reperfusion. However, at the end of the reperfusion the inhibitory effect of L-arginine on the phosphodiesterases seems to be reduced. In L-arginine-treated hearts, SOD activity was progressively decreased with the duration of reperfusion time. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest for the first time that NO plays a significant role in transmembrane signaling in the ischemic myocardium. The signaling seems to be transmitted via cGMP and opposes the effects of phosphodiesterases by inhibiting the ischemia/reperfusion-induced phosphodiesteratic breakdown. This signaling effect appears to be reduced as reperfusion progresses. These results, when viewed in the light of free radical chemistry of NO, suggest that such on- and off-signaling of NO may be linked to its interaction with the superoxide radical generated during the reperfusion of ischemic myocardium. 相似文献