Alternative behavioral approaches to the treatment of homosexuality

Two proven procedures are suggested for the substitution of T-drainage. 1. Modified coledochoduodenostomy, i.e. an internal shunt. By this precedure the operative mortality of aged jaundiced patients at risk could considerably be reduced. The key to success in this case is a broad anastomosis. 2. Patients of normal strength are subjected to sphincterectomy through transduodenal exposure and spincter replacement is performed after cleaning of the biliary ducts. The operated area is bridged by trans-cystically placed thin polyethylene tubing. Both procedures have rendered unnecessary the use of T-drainage.     

Fundus flavimaculatus. A clinical classification

Various stages of fundus flavimaculatus seen ophthalmoscopically were correlated with findings on electrophysiologic and psychophysical tests. A new classification of fundus flavimaculatus into stages recognizes the nuances in genetic expression and their correlation with findings on retinal function testing.     

Simultaneous perforation of a gastric and a duodenal ulcer

This is a case report of simultaneous perforation of a gastric and duodenal ulcer. Perusal of the literature shows the rarity of this occurrence. Consideration is given to the difficulty of handling such a case in the presence of severe generalized peritonitis and the precarious condition of the patient.     

Risk factors for developing asthma and allergic rhinitis. A 7-year follow-up study of college students

Nine hundred three former college freshmen were followed 7 yr after entering college by means of a detailed allergy questionnaire. Original data collected from the students as freshmen, including a history of atopy and allergy skin test results, were evaluated in relation to the frequency of developing new allergies. During the 7-yr follow-up period, new cases of hay fever occurred in 12.6%, nonseasonal allergic rhinitis in 4.8%, and new asthma in 2.5%. The risks of developing asthma and allergic rhinitis are both significantly associated with a prior positive allergy skin test. The risk of developing asthma, not hay fever, is significantly associated with a prior history of atopy. The association of positive allergy skin tests with the development of new cases of allergy remains significant throughout the 7-yr follow-up period. However, individuals who had all negative skin tests developed significantly fewer new cases of clinical allergy during the first 3 yr of follow-up; in the next 4 yr of the 7-yr follow-up, increased numbers of individuals with negative scratch tests developed new cases of allergy. Thus, negative skin tests proved of less prognostic value during the last 4-yr period of this 7-yr study, although significant differences still are apparent between the positive and negative reactor groups.