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排序方式: 共有1913条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Barry Haseltine Tor‐Ulf Weck Lars Meyer Rob van der Pluijm Oliver Dupont Christoph Alfes Wolfram Jaeger John Roberts Jonathan Silver Dirk Martens O. Pfeffermann Bastian Drewes Erhard Gunkler Jan Kubica Nebojsa Mojsilovic Erhard Gunkler Johann Marx Armin Ohler Hipolito Sousa Rui Sousa Romeu S. Vicente J. R. Mendes Silva Roberto Capozucca 《Mauerwerk》2011,15(6):348-361
42.
Male and female weanling rats were fed diets containing 2 or 42% of calories as corn oil or 40% as beef tallow plus 2% as
corn oil until they were 12 or 18 weeks of age. Incorporation of C14-acetate into lipids of serum and liver and concentration of lipids in serum, liver, and carcass at the end of these periods
were determined.
Net synthesis of noncholesterol lipid was repressed by changing the diet from 2% to 42% of calories from either dietary fat
in both sexes and at both ages. Cholesterol net synthesis was enhanced 29-fold in males and 22-fold in females fed 42% corn
oil compared to 2% corn oil to the age of 12 weeks. It was enhanced only 2.6-fold for males and 3.4-fold for females by 40%
beef tallow plus 2% corn oil. At 18 weeks of age cholesterol synthesis in males fed 42% corn oil was 7.3 and in females 9.1
times the value for those fed 2% corn oil. At this age the values for rats fed 40% beef tallow plus 2% corn oil were 1.2 and
3.7 times those for 2% corn oil fed rats of the respective sexes. 相似文献
43.
Barbara Walther Aaron M. Lett Alessandra Bordoni Lidia Toms‐Cobos Juan Antonio Nieto Didier Dupont Francesca Danesi Danit R. Shahar Ana Echaniz Roberta Re Aida Sainz Fernandez Amlie Deglaire Doreen Gille Alexandra Schmid Guy Vergres 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2019,63(21)
Nutritional research is currently entering the field of personalized nutrition, to a large extent driven by major technological breakthroughs in analytical sciences and biocomputing. An efficient launching of the personalized approach depends on the ability of researchers to comprehensively monitor and characterize interindividual variability in the activity of the human gastrointestinal tract. This information is currently not available in such a form. This review therefore aims at identifying and discussing published data, providing evidence on interindividual variability in the processing of the major nutrients, i.e., protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, along the gastrointestinal tract, including oral processing, intestinal digestion, and absorption. Although interindividual variability is not a primary endpoint of most studies identified, a significant number of publications provides a wealth of information on this topic for each category of nutrients. This knowledge remains fragmented, however, and understanding the clinical relevance of most of the interindividual responses to food ingestion described in this review remains unclear. In that regard, this review has identified a gap and sets the base for future research addressing the issue of the interindividual variability in the response of the human organism to the ingestion of foods. 相似文献
44.
GL McIntire ER Bacon JL Toner JB Cornacoff PE Losco KJ Illig KJ Nikula BA Muggenburg L Ketai 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,87(11):1466-1470
Lung cancer continues to be a leading cause of death around the world. Staging of this disease is critically dependent upon the involvement or noninvolvement of the lymph nodes which drain the region of lung containing the lesion/tumor. Palpation, unenhanced CT, and lymph node excision (i.e., mediastinectomy) are currently used to ascertain the status of these regional draining lymph nodes. The work reported herein details the first efforts toward the pulmonary instillation of iodinated nanoparticles for contrast-enhanced CT of lung draining lymph nodes. The data reflect the impact of dose, time post instillation, and formulation (surfactant) upon the observed CT enhancement of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes of beagle dogs. In addition, initial safety is discussed with both macroscopic and microscopic observations. The results indicate that pulmonary instillation of small volumes of iodinated nanoparticles could be successfully used to aid staging of lung cancer by CT imaging. 相似文献
45.
46.
AR Thomassen E Kj?ller B Sigurd I G?thgen G Johannsen T Pedersen JE Nielsen-Kudsk PE Thomsen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,156(1):31-38
We report herein the phenotypic and functional analysis of human bone marrow and thymus derived early T cells. Commitment to T cell lineage is acquired during CD7 antigen expression by CD34+ precursors in human bone marrow and before thymus colonization. Early thymocytes show similar phenotypic characteristics as bone marrow T cells. They rapidly acquire CD4 before the dual expression of CD4 and CD8. Their expansion and differentiation is regulated by two major factors: thymic stroma and cytokines produced by these stroma cells or by thymocytes themselves. Among cytokines, IL1 and sCD23 produced by thymic epithelial cells support in vitro early T cell development. 相似文献
47.
RC King VE Laubach RC Kanithanon AM Kron PE Parrino KS Shockey CG Tribble IL Kron 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,66(5):1732-1738
BACKGROUND: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a potent second messenger for the nitric oxide pathway in the pulmonary vasculature. Increased cytosolic cGMP levels elicit pulmonary vasodilatation resulting in decreased pulmonary vascular resistance and maximized pulmonary function after ischemia-reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that the addition of a membrane-permeable cGMP analogue (8-bromo-cGMP) to a Euro-Collins (EC) preservation solution would ameliorate pulmonary reperfusion injury better than prostaglandin E1 injection alone after prolonged hypothermic ischemia. METHODS: All lungs from New Zealand White rabbits (weight, 3 to 3.5 kg) were harvested en bloc, flushed with EC solution, and reperfused with whole blood for 30 minutes. Group 1 lungs (immediate control) were immediately reperfused. Group 2 lungs (control) were stored inflated at 4 degrees C for 18 hours before reperfusion. Groups 3 and 4 lungs were flushed with EC solution containing 200 micromol/L 8-bromo-cGMP and stored at 4 degrees C for 18 and 30 hours, respectively. Fresh, nonrecirculated venous blood was used to determine single-pass pulmonary venous-arterial oxygen gradients at 10-minute intervals. Assays for cGMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, nitric oxide synthase activity, and myeloperoxidase were performed on all lung tissue samples. Wet to dry weight ratios were determined after 2 weeks of passive desiccation. RESULTS: Oxygenation (venous-arterial oxygen gradient), pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and edema formation were significantly improved in groups 3 and 4 (addition of 8-bromo-cGMP to EC plus 18 or 30 hours of hypothermic ischemia). Hypothermic storage (groups 2, 3, and 4) decreased both nitric oxide synthase activity and myeloperoxidase levels compared with immediate reperfusion (group 1). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the addition of a membrane-permeable cGMP analogue to an EC pulmonary flush solution improves pulmonary function after prolonged storage compared with EC and prostaglandin (E1) preservation alone. The finding of myeloperoxidase reduced levels after hypothermic storage and subsequent reperfusion may suggest a more important role for pulmonary hemodynamic control in mitigating pulmonary reperfusion injury. 相似文献
48.
B Hellman E Gylfe E Grapengiesser PE Lund A Berts 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1992,1113(3-4):295-305
In the last 15 years it has been a growing interest in the cyclic variations of circulating insulin [46]. After the suggestion that this phenomenon may be due to oscillations of the beta-cell membrane potential [8,39], it was demonstrated that [Ca2+]i oscillates in the glucose-stimulated beta-cell with a similar frequency to that of pulsatile insulin release. The present review describes four types of [Ca2+]i oscillations in the pancreatic beta-cell. The slow sinusoidal oscillations, referred to as type-a, are those which most closely correspond to pulsatile insulin release. Although not affecting the properties of the type-a oscillations in individual beta-cells, the concentration of glucose is a determinant for their generation and further transformation into a sustained increase. Accordingly, cytoplasmic Ca2+ is regulated by sudden transitions between oscillatory and steady-state levels at threshold concentrations of glucose, which are characteristic for the individual beta-cell. This behaviour explains the observation of a gradual recruitment of previously non-secreting cells with increase of the extracellular glucose concentration [44]. However, it still remains to be elucidated how the sudden transitions between these three states translate into the co-ordinated slow oscillations of [Ca2+]i in the intact islet. Cyclic variations of circulating insulin require a synchronization of the [Ca2+]i cycles also among the islets in the pancreas. It is still an open question by which means the millions of islets communicate mutually to establish a pattern of pulsatile insulin release from the whole pancreas. The discovery that the beta-cell is not only the functional unit for insulin synthesis but also generates the [Ca2+]i oscillations required for pulsatile insulin release has both physiological and clinical implications. The fact that minor damage to the beta-cells prevents the type-a oscillations with maintenance of a glucose response in terms of raised [Ca2+]i reinforces previous arguments [54] that loss of insulin oscillations is an early indicator of type-2 diabetes. Further analyses of the [Ca2+]i oscillations in the beta-cells should include not only the mechanisms for their generation and subsequent propagation within or among the islets but also how modulation of their frequency affects the insulin sensitivity of various target cells. The latter approach may be important in the attempts to maintain normoglycemia under conditions minimizing the vascular effects of insulin supposed to precipitate hypertonia and atherosclerosis [70,71,77]. 相似文献
49.
PE Sigston AM Jenkins EA Jackson MR Sury AM Mackersie DJ Hatch 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,78(4):362-365
BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography (US) by acknowledged experts enhances the diagnostic performance and reduces the rate of negative laparotomies in patients with suspected acute appendicitis (AA). METHODS: The diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact of routine US performed by surgical residents was prospectively studied in 504 unselected patients admitted for AA. Clinical and US findings were correlated with laparotomy findings and pathological outcome in 135 patients (113 cases with proven AA, prevalence 22.4%) and clinical as well as follow-up data were compared in the remainder. RESULTS: The overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the clinical diagnosis of AA were 84.9%, 51.3%, and 94.6% and those of US were 93. 6%, 83.1%, and 96.6%. Joint evaluation of the results from clinical evaluation and US further improved diagnostic performance (accuracy 93.4%, sensitivity 84.1%, specificity 96.2) and significantly reduced the rate of diagnostic errors to 3.4% (p < 0.001) and unnecessary laparotomies to 9.6% (p < 0.01) in patients with suspected AA. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonographic evaluation of the patient with suspected AA is considered to be of value in surgical practice. 相似文献
50.
Youcef Hadji Abdessabour Benamor Nabil Chiker Adel Haddad Nacer Tala-Ighil Jean-Pierre Erauw Vedi Dupont Arnaud Tricoteaux Christelle Nivot Anthony Thuault Mohamed Hadji 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2020,17(2):695-706
In this study, wear and friction behavior of two based-composites from the Ti-Si-C system, (40 wt% TiC; 28 wt% Ti5Si3; 17 wt% Ti3SiC2) and (18 wt% TiC; 26 wt% Ti5Si3; 41 wt% Ti3SiC2) reinforced by 15 wt% of large size SiC (100-150 µm) particles were investigated. The four-phase composites exhibited approximatively the same friction coefficient (µ ~ 0.9) under high loads (10 N and 7 N). The composite with high Ti3SiC2 showed higher wear rate values by one order of magnitude. However, under 1 N, the composite with high TiC content showed a higher running-in period and a lower steady state µ value (0.37 after 1000 m sliding distance). Scanning electron microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray and Raman spectroscopy analysis of the worn surfaces of the two composites revealed that oxidation was the dominant wear mechanism. The oxidation process and the removal kinetics of the oxides during sliding controlled the tribological behavior of the composites. The influence of processing variables on microstructures development and wear mechanisms of the composites is discussed. 相似文献