The muscular dystrophies are a large and heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders that can be classified according to the mode of inheritance, the clinical phenotype and the molecular defect. To better understand the pathological mechanisms of dysferlin myopathy we compared the protein-expression pattern in the muscle biopsies of six patients with this disease with six patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2A, five with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy and six normal control subjects. To investigate differences in the expression levels of skeletal muscle proteins we used 2-DE and MS. Western blot or immunohistochemistry confirmed relevant results. The study showed specific increase expression of proteins involved in fast-to-slow fiber type conversion (ankyrin repeat protein 2), type I predominance (phosphorylated forms of slow troponin T), sarcomere stabilization (actinin-associated LIM protein), protein ubiquitination (TRIM 72) and skeletal muscle differentiation (Rho-GDP-dissociation inhibitor ly-GDI) in dysferlin myopathy. As anticipated, we also found differential expression of proteins common to all the muscular dystrophies studied. This comparative proteomic analysis suggests that in dysferlin myopathy (i) the type I fiber predominance is an active process of fiber type conversion rather than a selective loss of type II fibers and (ii) the dysregulation of proteins involved in muscle differentiation further confirms the role of dysferlin in this process. 相似文献
Software Pipelining is a loop scheduling technique that extracts loop parallelism by overlapping the execution of several consecutive iterations. One of the drawbacks of software pipelining is its high register requirements, which increase with the number of functional units and their degree of pipelining. This paper analyzes the register requirements of software pipelined loops. It also evaluates the effects on performance of the addition of spill code. Spill code is needed when the number of registers required by the software pipelined loop is larger than the number of registers of the target machine. This spill code increases memory traffic and can reduce performance. Finally, compilers can apply transformations in order to reduce the number of memory accesses and increase functional unit utilization. The paper also evaluates the negative effect on register requirements that some of these transformations might produce on loops. 相似文献
The aim of the present contribution is to understand how ionic strength, brought by the addition of salt to laponite/PEO nanocomposite dispersions, influences the texture and adhesion characteristics at nano‐ and microscales in multilayered nanocomposite films prepared from such dispersions. At the nano‐scale, SAXS and XRD measurements indicated that the clay platelets orient parallel to the film plane and that the polymer chains intercalate the clay platelets regardless of salt addition. A gradual transition from an agglomerated structure, containing polymer‐rich and clay‐rich domains, to a fine‐balanced structure with smaller distinct details without excess PEO was observed, via AFM, on the exposed edges of cryo‐microtomed films with increasing ionic strength.
Studies on emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural soils mostly focus on fluxes between the soil and the atmosphere or are limited to the atmosphere in
the topsoil. However, in soils with shallow water tables, significant N2O formation may occur closer to the groundwater. The aims of this study were (i) to determine the importance of subsoil N2O formation in a sandy soil; and (ii) to obtain a quantitative insight in the contribution of subsoil N2O to the overall losses of N2O to the environment. We applied 15N labeled fertilizer at a rate of 5.22 kg 15N ha−1; 50% as Ca(NO3)2 and 50% as NH4Cl, on a mesic typic Haplaquod seeded with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), and traced soil N2O concentrations and fluxes over a one-year period. Throughout the year, total N2O and the amount of 15N recovered in soil N2O were highest in the subsoil, with a maximum concentration at 48 cm depth in mid-February of 19900 μl m−3 and 24 μg 15N m−3, respectively. The maximum concentration coincided with the highest water-filled pore space of 71%. The cumulative flux of
N2O was 446 g N2O-N ha−1, the recovery of 15N in this flux was 0.06%. During the summer, maximum fluxes followed high soil N2O concentrations. During winter, no such relation was found. We concluded that the formation of N2O was the highest in the subsoil, largely controlled by water-filled pore space rather than NO3− concentration or temperature. Although high subsoil N2O concentrations did not lead to high surface fluxes of N2O in the winter, artificial draining may lead to high indirect N2O emissions through supersaturated drainage water. 相似文献
Neural Computing and Applications - COVID-19 has emerged as a global crisis with unprecedented socio-economic challenges, jeopardizing our lives and livelihoods for years to come. The... 相似文献