Analytical electron microscopy studies of radiation damage

Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) has provided structural, crystallographic, and compositional characterization to aid in the understanding of radiation damage processes, especially in multiphase materials. The range of AEM techniques is based on the use of as many of the signals produced by the interaction of an electron beam with a specimen as possible. This paper briefly discusses the origins, capabilities, and current developments of AEM, including the spatial resolution of the various techniques. Several important applications of AEM in radiation damage studies, including radiation-induced segregation and phase instability in austenitic stainless steels, will be reviewed. From the comparison of phase equilibria under irradiation to that under thermal aging, principles for alloy development in non-nuclear applications will be discussed. This paper is based on a presentation made in the symposium “Irradiation-Enhanced Materials Science and Engineering” presented as part of the ASM INTERNATIONAL 75th Anniversary celebration at the 1988 World Materials Congress in Chicago, IL, September 25-29, 1988, under the auspices of the Nuclear Materials Committee of TMS-AIME and ASM-MSD.     

Family structure, psychological separation, and college adjustment: A canonical analysis and cross-validation.

554 undergraduates from intact families completed relevant instruments. A canonical correlation of family-structure and psychological-separation scores extracted 2 significant and stable roots, representing conflictually overinvolved and differentiated family patterns, respectively. Intercorrelations of each variate with original variables indicate that these dimensions were also associated with different separation patterns across subject sex. The canonical correlation of psychological-separation and college-adjustment measures uncovered a single significant and stable root that underscored the relation of conflictual independence and personal adjustment within both male and female groups. The results are interpreted as supporting assumptions of structural family theory and as suggesting that the psychological separation patterns of college men and women are differentially affected by inappropriate family structure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The probability that a matrix has a saddle point

Given a “randomly selected” m × n matrix, the probability that it has a saddle point is $\text{m!n!}\text{(m + n ? 1)!}$.     

Determination of the ash yield and the mineral matter content of brown coals by density measurements

A method of measuring the density of bed-moist brown coals based on their plastic properties is described and the feasibility of using the method for determination of the ash yield of the coal is evaluated.     

Hydrogen and oxygen from water—II: Some considerations in the reduction of the idea to practice

An analytical model of an archetypal device for using solar energy in a one-step thermochemical process for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water is presented. It is used to help us anticipate and evaluate sources of irreversibilities associated with the operation of various components of such a device and to suggest alternatives which should be considered.     

Estimating effectiveness of state-of-the-art detectors and automatic sprinklers on life safety in residential occupancies

The report provides a qualitative assessment of the life safety impact of early warning fire detection and automatic sprinkler technology in residential occupancies. This assessment is based on the results of full-scale studies and statistics on residential fire fatalities from the NFIRS data base. Estimates of the impact of three alternatives, smoke detectors, standard automatic sprinklers, and residential sprinklers, are provided for major fire hazard scenarios in residential occupancies. The results of this study indicate that significant life safety benefits can be derived from broad application of detectors and sprinklers in all residential buildings. National Bureau of Standards Note: This is a condensed version of the more detailed document NBSIR 84-2819 bearing the same title as above. The document is available in limited quantities from the National Bureau of Standards or it may be purchased through National Technical Information Services (NTIS). Reference: Edward K. Budnick, “Estimating Effectiveness of State-of-the-Art Detectors and Automatic Sprinklers on Life Safety in Residential Occupancies.” Fire Technology, Vol. 20, No. 3, August 1984, p. 5.     

Situational constraint effects on performance, affective reactions, and turnover: A field replication and extension.

Administered a demographic questionnaire, ability and personality tests, and measures of job performance, satisfaction, turnover, and situational constraints to 731 20–65 yr old store managers, 555 22–62 yr old supervisors, and 164 25–60 yr old district managers from the same company. Results replicate previous laboratory findings and show that higher situational constraints were associated with lower employee performance. The performance ratings given to managers facing the most severe situational constraints were significantly poorer than those received by managers dealing with lower levels of constraints. The presence of situational constraints is associated with employees expressing greater dissatisfaction and frustration. The group facing the highest level of situational constraints had the highest level of turnover. (22 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)