The relationships of the bile duct and the retroduodenal arteries and their importance in the surgical treatment of hemorrhagic duodenal ulcer

This review article will come to a positive answer to the question entitled. The good experiences within more than 50 years were able to define commonly accepted standards concerning the following items: therapeutic aim, indications, contraindications, pretreatment, dose concept, assessment of radioactivity, follow-up. The broad consensus among experts when to apply medical treatment, surgery or radioiodine in this special disease was one of the reasons that the nuclear medicine treatment is accepted more and more. By this, the patients have to wait for many months to become treated on an in-patient basis, as it is mandatory in Germany. In the current health care scene it is absolutely unrealistic to demand an increasing number of radioiodine beds. Facing this fact the guidelines of applying radioiodine which are extremely restrictive in Germany have to be modified as proposed by the National Commission on Radiation Protection.     

Emploi de représentations polynomiales a plusieurs indéterminées pour le décodage de codes redondants linéaires

This paper is intended to weighted decoding of redundant block codes (n, k)by the use of multiindeterminates polynomial representations of these codes. Two representations are considered: the first one has nindeterminates, each associated with a symbol position in the word. The second and more general one has nqindeterminates, q being the alphabet size, and is of the first degree in each indeterminate, and homogeneous of degree nin all indeterminates. These representations are equivalent to the list of the codewords, but the decoding processes are easily expressed as mathematical operations on them. Substituting a prioriprobabilities of the symbols to the indeterminates in the homogeneous representation also provides expressions of their a posterioriprobabilities. These representations are especially useful in generalizing replication decoding to any linear code and memoryless channel. The homogeneous representations of two dual linear codes are related by a formula wich generalizes McWilliams’ identity. When applied to decoding algorithms, this relation transforms a decision rule in terms of the code to be decoded into a rule in terms of its dual code. In a simpler but equivalent form, it results in the decision rule of Hartmann and Rudolph.     

Nutrition transition among adolescents of a south-Mediterranean country: dietary patterns,association with socio-economic factors,overweight and blood pressure. A cross-sectional study in Tunisia

Background  

The increase in the burden of chronic diseases linked to the nutrition transition and associated dietary and lifestyle changes is of growing concern in south and east Mediterranean countries and adolescents are at the forefront of these changes. This study assessed dietary intake and association with socio-economic factors and health outcomes among adolescents in Tunisia.     

A Raman study of the nanocrystallite size effect on the pressure–temperature phase diagram of zirconia grown by zirconium-based alloys oxidation

The pressure–temperature phase diagrams of different zirconia samples prepared by oxidation of Zircaloy-4 and Zr–1%Nb–0.12O alloys were monitored by Raman spectrometry from 0.1 MPa to 12 GPa and from 300 to 640 K. These new diagrams show that the monoclinic–tetragonal equilibrium line is strongly downshifted in temperature compared to literature measurements performed on usual polycrystalline zirconia. In addition, the monoclinic–orthorhombic equilibrium line is slightly shifted to higher pressure (i.e. 6 GPa). The crystallite sizes smaller than 30 nm, are thought to be responsible for these equilibrium line displacements. The tetragonal phase obtained in temperature under high pressure can be quenched at room temperature, if the pressure is maintained, and it is destabilised and transforms completely into monoclinic phase if the pressure is released. These results confirm that coupled effects of stress, temperature and nanosized grain are responsible for the formation of the tetragonal phase near the metal/oxide interface during the oxidation of zirconium-based alloys.     

A framework based on the extended Wyman concept for analyzing the salt effects on the solute retention in high-performance affinity chromatography.

The analysis of binding data of a ligand to a macromolecule in the presence of an additive can be classically formulated in terms of the linked functions of Wyman. In the case of a salt, this approach has been extended by Tanford such that the contributions of both salt and water are taken into account. In this paper, the extended Wyman theory was applied to high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) in order to define a general model describing the effects of the mobile-phase salts on the ligand binding. Various HPAC literature data, as well as our data concerning dansyl amino acid retention on a vancomycin stationary phase, were examined in relation to this model. From the results, this theoretical approach was considered to be adequate to describe accurately the salt dependence on solute retention. This work shows the importance of taking into account the effects of both ionic species and water in the investigation of relative contributions of the interactions involved in the ligand binding to immobilized receptor.