Width-independent narrow nMOSFET reliability by split-well drive-in

By splitting the well drive-in into two parts, before and after the field oxidation, it is possible to compensate the segregation effects due to field oxidation without having to increase the well concentration in the active areas. Due to the smaller dopant gradient between isolation and active areas, nearly neutral transistor-width dependence is achieved, resulting in width-independent transistor degradation behavior. Only in the case of threshold-voltage-adjustment directly by the p-well concentration is a weak reverse narrow-width effect observed. The reliability results show that the width effect on lifetime is turned eliminated. The lifetime reduction with decreasing transistor width, normally so critical for field-implanted devices, is not a problem     

Accidental administration of racemic adrenaline. Three life-threatening cases after intravenous injection in children

The inhalation of racemic adrenalin is an important part of the treatment of inflammatory airway obstruction in children. In Norway during the last few years there have been several cases of adrenal solutions intended only for inhalation being accidentally administered as intravenous injections. The solution for inhalation contains an adrenalin concentration 110 times greater than the adrenalin intended for emergency use (0.1 mg/ml). The instant consequences of intravenous injections of inhalation adrenalin include arterial hypertension followed by hypotension, cardiac ischemia and cardiac insufficiency, pulmonary oedema, and respiratory failure and the need for artificial ventilation. The clinical picture in the three patients we describe was very dramatic. The injected doses were 0.16-1.1 mg l-adrenalin per kg body weight. All children survived without sequelae. In order to reduce the risk of accidentally administering intravenous injections of adrenalin intended for inhalation a set of guidelines is being proposed.     

In-plane electrical resistivity of nitric acid intercalated graphite

Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite was intercalated with 100% concentrated nitric acid to the first, second, third and fourth stage. Electrical resistivity was measured normal to the “ c” axis using two contactless r.f. induction methods in the 1–100 kHz range. Whether the method used is either of the induction techniques or the bridge method, the resistivity values found are in good agreement. The lowest observed resistivities are slightly less than those previously reported in the literature and the minimum value does not occur at stage one, but near stage two.