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101.
The application of pretreatments before to convective drying improves the textural characteristics of minimally processed fruits. The aim of this work was to evaluate the texture of papaya (Carica papaya L., cv. Maradol) dried by convection pretreated with calcium hydroxide solutions and osmotic dehydration. Texture profile analysis was performed on fresh and dried cubes by convection at 70?°C not pretreated, as well as on those pretreated with calcium and osmotic solutions. During calcium immersion, the firmness increased, the TSS decreased, and the calcium gain was higher to low temperature. Water loss and solids gain were higher using high concentrations and temperatures during osmosis, resulting in lower values of moisture content and higher values ??of TSS. Calcium and osmotic pretreatments resulted in a product with intermediate moisture, stable color, firm, and minimal shrinkage. The modification of the papaya structure during all treatments caused a change in the textural characteristics. Statistical analysis of textural characteristics of dry cubes pretreated showed a significant difference (α?=?0.05) compared to fresh ones and not pretreated. The pretreatments formed a firm (outer) and a soft (inside) structure that reduced the shrinkage and the deformation of dry cubes and decrease the drying time up to 37% compared to dry cubes no pretreated.  相似文献   
102.
An ongoing debate between groups with different psychotherapeutic theoretical orientations has centered on which school of therapy makes most effective use of the therapeutic relationship. This study divided 27 clinical practitioners into 3 major theoretical orientations-psychodynamic, behavioristic, and humanistic-based on their own stated preferences. Each practitioner conducted an actual interview with a pseudoclient, which was tape recorded and rated with regard to the clinician's level of empathy, warmth, and genuineness, using the Truax-Carkhuff scales. Results show no significant differences between therapists of any of the 3 theoretical orientations. These findings suggest that criticisms that adherents of one theoretical orientation such as the behaviorists possess inadequate relationship skills may be unfounded. Findings further suggest that claims by adherents of one or another theoretical orientation of their greater effectiveness due to superior relationship abilities may also be baseless. (26 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   
103.
This paper is motivated by the interest in finding significant movements in financial stock prices. However, when the number of profitable opportunities is scarce, the prediction of these cases is difficult. In a previous work, we have introduced evolving decision rules (EDR) to detect financial opportunities. The objective of EDR is to classify the minority class (positive eases) in imbalaneed environments. EDR provides a range of classifications to find the best balance between not making mistakes and not missing opportunities. The goals of this paper are: 1) to show that EDR produces a range of solutions to suit the investor's preferences and 2) to analyze the factors that benefit the performance of EDR. A series of experiments was performed. EDR was tested using a data set from the London Financial Market. To analyze the EDR behaviour, another experiment was carried out using three artificial data sets, whose solutions have different levels of complexity. Finally, an illustrative example was provided to show how a bigger collection of rules is able to classify more positive eases in imbalanced data sets. Experimental results show that: 1) EDR offers a range of solutions to fit the risk guidelines of different types of investors, and 2) a bigger collection of rules is able to classify more positive eases in imbalanced environments.  相似文献   
104.
Hypertension is a risk factor for the development of other cardiovascular diseases and remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although genetic and environmental factors are associated with the development of hypertension, it has been recently recognized that gut microbiota (GM) may also have an effect on human health. In this sense, gut dysbiosis (a marked decrease in richness and diversity of GM) has been linked to different metabolic diseases, such as hypertension. Therefore, different studies have been pursued to reduce gut dysbiosis and diminish hypertension. Different strategies to maintain a balanced GM, particularly through diet and the use of probiotics, are being evaluated. Most recently, the effect of antihypertensive fermented milks on GM has been addressed. New evidence suggests that antihypertensive fermented milks may modulate GM. Thus, the aim of this review is to present available information related to the effect of antihypertensive fermented milks on gut microbiota.  相似文献   
105.
The ability of Aspergillus niger GH1 in converting creosote bush ellagitannins into ellagic acid (EA) was evaluated in solid state culture. Creosote bush leaves were used to extract the ellagitannins fraction, which was impregnated in polyurethane foam used as support of solid state culture. Ellagitannins content, EA accumulation, and the related enzymatic activities were evaluated. A. niger GH1 was able to completely degrade creosote bush ellagitannins with an EA yield of 23.1% at 36 h of culture. The ability to degrade creosote bush ellagitannins exhibited by A. niger GH1 was clearly associated to an ellagitannin-hydrolysing enzyme with a maximum activity of 43 U/l, while that ability was not associated to tannase activity that was detected in the culture extract. This study demonstrated the great ability of A. niger GH1 to hydrolyze ellagitannins and the potential of solid state culture to produce the antioxidant EA by degradation of creosote bush ellagitannins.  相似文献   
106.
With the help of XRD, DTA and measurement of the microhardness and density, the phase diagram of the pseudo binary GeSe2-Ag4SSe system was constructed. The cell parameters of a single intermediate compound with most probable composition Ag8GeS2Se4 was found with lattice parameters: a = 6.2305 ?, b = 3.2531 ?, c = 2.4789 ?, α = β = γ = 90°.  相似文献   
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The aim of this study was to estimate the adhesive and cohesive fracture energies, and frictional characteristics of 7 types of cooked starch and flour sheets and combine these into a model framework for textural analysis. Cutting tests with wires of diameter 0.30 to 0.89 mm were performed with and without lubrication. Plots of the work done, normalized to the area cut by the wire, showed that this to be linearly related to wire diameter irrespective of lubrication. The oil had little impact on the intercept of these plots, giving cohesive fracture energy (Gc) ranges for these foods between 6.8 and 32.5 J/m2. However, lubrication had a strong influence on the slope of the plots. From a comparison of the slopes for lubricated versus unlubricated tests, the kinetic coefficient of friction could be calculated. Values for between 0.007 and 0.521 for different foods were obtained. Peeling tests were performed by lifting sheets vertically away from a fresh mica surface. The adhesive fracture energy Ga, varied from 2.5 to 4.8 J/m2. The results can be modeled by plotting the ratio of cohesive to adhesive fracture energy against the coefficient of friction. Thresholds in both axes suggest a physical basis for distinguishing textural perceptions. However, sensory testing with 12 subjects using the 7 food types could not establish whether this framework, however well‐established physically, would apply to oral sensations. A much larger test would be required.  相似文献   
110.
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