全文获取类型
收费全文 | 233篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 3篇 |
化学工业 | 27篇 |
金属工艺 | 3篇 |
机械仪表 | 4篇 |
建筑科学 | 1篇 |
能源动力 | 2篇 |
轻工业 | 40篇 |
水利工程 | 1篇 |
无线电 | 38篇 |
一般工业技术 | 32篇 |
冶金工业 | 44篇 |
原子能技术 | 3篇 |
自动化技术 | 48篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 4篇 |
2013年 | 12篇 |
2012年 | 5篇 |
2011年 | 11篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 12篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 2篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 4篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 2篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1960年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1928年 | 1篇 |
1922年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有246条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Naren Noolu Nikhil Murdeshwar Kevin Ely John Lippold William BaeslackIII 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2004,33(4):340-352
Gold-aluminum ball bonds were thermally exposed at constant elevated temperatures, and the resultant phase transformations
studied in detail. The as-bonded microstructure of a Au-Al ball bond essentially consisted of a reaction zone (termed “alloyed
zone” (AZ) in the as-bonded condition) between the Au bump and the bonded Al metallization. It is the growth of the reaction
zone between the Au bump and the bonded Al metallization and also the nonbonded Al metallization during thermal exposure that
gave rise to the various phase transformations. Au4Al, Au8Al3, and Au2Al are the predominant phases that grew across the ball bond until the bonded Al metallization is available to take part in
the interdiffusion reactions. After the complete consumption of the bonded Al metallization, the Au-Al phases reverse transformed
resulting in the formation of the Au4Al phase in the entire reaction zone across the ball bond (RZ-A). The lateral interdiffusion reactions resulted in the nucleation
and the growth of all of the Au-Al phases given by the phase diagram. Kidson’s analysis and Tu et al.’s treatment were extended
to a five-phase binary system to explain the phase transformations in thermally exposed Au-Al ball bonds. It is possible for
all of the Au-Al phases to grow across a ball bond uninhibited as long as the bonded metallization is available. However,
the supply limitation of the bonded metallization gives rise to reverse transformations where Al-rich phases transform to
Au-rich phases and eventually result in the formation of the Au4Al phase in the entire RZ-A. If infinite time is allowed, Au4Al would dissolve; the extent of which is dependent on the solubility of Al in Au. No supply of Au lateral to the bond causes
the reverse transformation of the Au4Al phase, giving rise to the lateral growth of the remaining Au-Al phases. If infinite time is allowed, the lateral phase
transformations would result in the formation of a phase that is dependant on the relative proportion of Au and Al present
in the nonbonded metallization (NBM) and Au4Al below the void line. Hence, the presence of a phase in a particular location of a ball bond is dependent on the time and
temperature of thermal exposure. 相似文献
22.
In (Porat et al., 1982, Inform. and Control 55, 108–116) the notion of fair derivations in context-free grammars was introduced and studied. The main result there is a characterization of fairly terminating grammars as non-variable-doubling. In this paper we show that the same characterization is valid under canonical derivations in which the next variable to be expanded is deterministically chosen, leaving nondeterminism only to the decision as to which rule (of the chosen variable) to apply. Two families of canonical derivations are introduced and studied as special cases: spinal derivations and layered derivations. 相似文献
23.
In this paper we present a new problem, the fast set intersection problem, which is to preprocess a collection of sets in order to efficiently report the intersection of any two sets in the collection. In addition we suggest new solutions for the two-dimensional substring indexing problem and the document listing problem for two patterns by reduction to the fast set intersection problem. 相似文献
24.
A simplified analytical treatment of rather complex defect equilibria involving systems with multivalent dopants is presented. This approach is first demonstrated for the case of Gd2Ti2O7; doped with multiple valent donors, in which the effects of variations in donor ionization levels and in the equilibrium constants on the defect equilibria are examined. The conductivity data of U doped CeO2 are then evaluated, leading to equilibrium constants in good agreement with previous results, but allowing a more complete analysis. 相似文献
25.
Comprehensive isochoric PVT measurements have been obtained for the system (0.99 CO2 + 0.01 C2H6). The range of state points studied includes those with densities from 2 to 24 mol·dm–3, temperatures from 245 to 400 K, and pressures to 35 MPa. Extensive comparisons have been made with two predictive conformai solution models, one which uses the 32-term BWR-type equation of Stewart and Jacobsen as a reference and the other using the newer Schmidt-Wagner functional form. Results obtained with the Schmidt-Wagner equation are better in the near-critical region owing to the flatter critical isotherm associated with this functional form.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A. 相似文献
26.
27.
P Ely PK Wallace AL Givan RF Graziano PM Guyre MW Fanger 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,87(9):3813-3821
To show that macrophages can be effectively targeted against malignant B cells, bispecific antibodies (BsAb) were constructed from two antibodies having specificity for the high-affinity Fc receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RI/CD64) and the B-cell differentiation antigens CD19 and CD37. Using a flow cytometry-based assay and confocal imaging, we show that these constructs mediated significant phagocytosis of B lymphocytes by macrophages that could be enhanced with interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and IFN gamma in combination with macrophage colony-stimulating factor. BsAb-dependent phagocytosis was triggered through Fc gamma RI and could be blocked only by using F(ab')2 fragments from the parent molecule or by cross-linking Fc gamma RI. BsAb-dependent phagocytosis was not blocked by antibodies to the other Fc receptors, Fc gamma RII and Fc gamma RIII. Because these antibody constructs bind to an epitope outside the Fc gamma RI ligand binding site, we show that autologous serum, polyclonal IgG, and monomeric IgG1 did not block BsAb-dependent phagocytosis, whereas autologous serum and the IgG fractions blocked parent molecule monoclonal antibody-dependent phagocytosis due to the avid binding of monomeric IgG to Fc gamma RI. Finally, BsAb-mediated phagocytosis was effective against the malignant B cells of patients with mantle cell lymphoma, prolymphocytic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Based on these studies, we propose that BsAbs may provide an effective means of immunomodulation for patients with B-cell malignancies. 相似文献
28.
Refrigerant R134a (1,1.1,2-tetrafuoroethane) is a leading substitute for refrigerant R12. As such, there has been worldwide activity to develop accurate wide-range equations of state for this fluid. In this study. we have developed a new selection algorithm for determining high-accuracy equations of state in the Helmholtz representation. This method combines least-squares regression analysis with simulated annealing optimization. Simulated annealing, unlike stepwise regression, allows for the controlled acceptance of random increases in the objective function. Thus, this procedure produces a computationally efficient selection algorithm which is not susceptible to the function-space local-minima problems present in a purely stepwise regression approach. Two equations are presented in this work and compared against experimental data and other high-accuracy equations of state for R134a. One equation was produced strictly by using stepwise a regression algorithm, while the other was produced using the simulated-annealing selection algorithm. In both cases the temperature dependence of the equations was restricted to have no terms whose exponents were greater than live.Paper presented at the Twelfth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties. June 19–24, 1994, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 相似文献
29.
Mixed polar-nonpolar urethane networks have been prepared by crosslinking various mixtures of polyisobutylene diols (HO-PIB-OH) and polar polytetrahydrofuran diols (HO-PTHF-OH) with stoichiometric quantities of a triisocyanate. Essentially complete crosslinking was demonstrated by very low (<4%) sol fractions in benzene and THF. The mixed networks were biocompatible and had less tissue response than pure PIB as evaluated by bacterial and histological analysis after 11 weeks of implantation at the following sites: dorsal neck muscle, abdominal cavity and near the abdominal aorta. 相似文献
30.
Porat R Tietel Z Zippori I Dag A 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2011,91(15):2794-2798
BACKGROUND: The traditional guava variety cultivated in Israel, ‘Ben Dov’, emits a very strong odour, whereas some newly bred varieties have a mild odour. In this study the aroma profile composition of the high‐aromatic ‘Ben Dov’ variety was compared with those of four new low‐aromatic varieties. RESULTS: Overall, using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, a total of 30 aroma volatiles were detected in fresh ripe guava fruit: 15 of them were specifically detected only in the high‐aromatic ‘Ben Dov’ variety, 13 were detected in both the high‐ and low‐aromatic varieties and two were detected only in the new low‐aromatic varieties. Interestingly, 11 out of the 15 volatiles specifically detected in ‘Ben Dov’ were esters that contribute sweet, tropical and fruity notes. In contrast, ten out of 13 detected terpenes and two detected aldehydes, contributing green, spicy, herbal and woody notes, were common to both the high‐ and low‐aromatic varieties. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, it is concluded that accumulation of esters is the main reason why the traditional ‘Ben Dov’ guava variety emits such a strong tropical fruity odour. In contrast, the newly bred low‐aromatic guava varieties did not synthesise esters at all and thus lacked fruity aromatic notes. Overall, the results of this study point out the important role of esters in forming tropical fruity guava odours. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献