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101.
M. Del C. Ruiz J. A. González J. B. Rivarola 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2004,35(3):439-448
The mechanism and kinetics of β-Ta2O5 chlorination, mixed with sucrose carbon, have been studied by a thermogravimetric technique. The investigated temperature
range was 500 °C to 850 °C. The reactants and reaction residues were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray
diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method for surface area (BET). The effect of various experimental parameters
was studied, such as carbon percentage, temperature, chlorine partial pressure, and flow, use of the multiple sample method,
and carbon previous oxidation. The carbon percentage and previous treatment have an effect on the system reactivity. The temperature
has a marked effect on the reaction rate. In the 500 °C to 600 °C temperature interval, the apparent activation energy is
144 kJ/mol of oxide, while at higher temperatures, the activation energy decreases. With high chorine partial pressures, the
order of reaction is near zero. The kinetic contractile plate model, X=kt, considering carbon oxidation as the controlling stage, is the one with the best fit to the experimental data. A probable
mechanism for the carbochlorination of β-Ta2O5 is proposed: (1) activation of chlorine on the carbon surface, (2) chlorination of Ta2O5, (3) oxidation of carbon, and (4) recrystallization of β-Ta2O5. 相似文献
102.
103.
In this paper we consider two performance modelling techniques from the perspectives of model construction, generation of
an underlying continuous time Markov process, and the potential for reduction in the Markov process. Such careful comparison
of modelling techniques allows us to appreciate the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches, and facilitates cross-fertilization
between them. In the present case we take a characteristic of one formalism, functional rates in Stochastic Automata Networks,
and introduce it to the other formalism, Performance Evaluation Process Algebra. We investigate the benefits of this cross-fertilization,
particularly from the perspectives of Markov process generation and reduction. 相似文献
104.
105.
With increasing globalization, communication across language and cultural boundaries is becoming an essential requirement
of doing business, delivering education, and providing public services. Due to the considerable cost of human translation
services, only a small fraction of text documents and an even smaller percentage of spoken encounters, such as international
meetings and conferences, are translated, with most resorting to the use of a common language (e.g. English) or not taking
place at all. Technology may provide a potentially revolutionary way out if real-time, domain-independent, simultaneous speech
translation can be realized. In this paper, we present a simultaneous speech translation system based on statistical recognition
and translation technology. We discuss the technology, various system improvements and propose mechanisms for user-friendly
delivery of the result. Over extensive component and end-to-end system evaluations and comparisons with human translation
performance, we conclude that machines can already deliver comprehensible simultaneous translation output. Moreover, while
machine performance is affected by recognition errors (and thus can be improved), human performance is limited by the cognitive
challenge of performing the task in real time. 相似文献
106.
Talita Moreira de Oliveira Nilda de Fátima Ferreira Soares Rodrigo Magela Pereira Kátia de Freitas Fraga 《Packaging Technology and Science》2007,20(2):147-153
Conservation of food products depends on product quality and packaging suitability. The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of natamycin‐incorporated film in the production process of Gorgonzola cheese. It aims to optimize the production process and increase shelf‐life and food safety for the consumer. Films with different concentrations of natamycin were produced and tested in Gorgonzola cheeses to evaluate its efficiency against Penicillium roqueforti on the cheese surface. Films with 2 and 4% natamycin presented satisfactory results for fungus inhibition and the amount of natamycin released to the cheese was below that allowed by the legislation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
107.
108.
109.
The crystal structure of CaMgGeO4 is described. CaMgGeO4, Mr = 200.9, orthorhombic, Pnam, A = 11.285(5) Å, B = 5.016(2) Å, C = 6.435(2) Å, V = 364.36 Å3, Dx = 3.664 Mg/m3.λ(MoKa = 0.71069 Å, F(000) = 384, room temperature, final R = 0.045 for 1752 observed reflections. The structure is isomorphous with CaMgSiO4 (monticellite). 相似文献
110.
Ultrastructure of sperm and eggs of the ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus L.), an internally fertilizing marine teleost, was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the sperm do not have an acrosome but have a very long mid-piece (one to two times the sperm head length) containing numerous well-developed elongated mitochondria. The sperm also have two tails (is biflagellate) each consisting of nine peripheral and one central pair (9 +/- 2) of microtubules. This long mid-piece and the biflagellate nature of the sperm appear to be associated with the long life-span of the sperm and with sperm dispersal in the ovary to fertilize the eggs internally. The ocean pout eggs are enveloped by a porous chorionic membrane similar to that found in other teleosts but have two micropyles, a condition likely related to a mechanism of egg fertilization which increases the egg fertility in the presence of low sperm numbers. Following insemination, some biochemically undefined excretions appeared on the surface of fertilized eggs and led to the acquisition of adherent capability of the eggs which formed a tightly associated egg mass in sea water. 相似文献