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41.
Nils Hallbäck Fred Nilsson 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》1992,15(2):173-185
The fracture assessment of structures subjected to secondary loading systems was studied by FEM-analysis of a few illustrative two-dimensional examples. The first example is an edge-cracked plate with a thermal gradient. The FEM-calculations revealed that a purely elastic analysis yielded J-values that are in most cases considerably more conservative than the ones calculated from an elastic-plastic analysis. The results were further compared with different engineering type non-linear estimates. As a second example a crack emanating from a semi-circular notch in a rectangular plate was chosen. The plate was subjected to uniaxial tension along its boundaries. It turned out that for the cases considered the J-values were fairly close to those elastically predicted. 相似文献
42.
Tsai Jeanne L.; Miao Felicity F.; Seppala Emma; Fung Helene H.; Yeung Dannii Y. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,92(6):1102
Previous studies have found that in American culture high-arousal positive states (HAP) such as excitement are valued more and low-arousal positive states (LAP) such as calm are valued less than they are in Chinese culture. What specific factors account for these differences? The authors predicted that when people and cultures aimed to influence others (i.e., assert personal needs and change others' behaviors to meet those needs), they would value HAP more and LAP less than when they aimed to adjust to others (i.e., suppress personal needs and change their own behaviors to meet others' needs). They test these predictions in 1 survey and 3 experimental studies. The findings suggest that within and across American and Chinese contexts, differences in ideal affect are due to specific interpersonal goals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
43.
H.-U. Waiblinger N. Graf D. Mäde K. Woll U. Busch B. Holland H. Pilsl G. Naeumann R. Reiting B. Ehrentreich M. Schulze B. Tschirdewahn C. Brünen-Nieweler G. Hempel M. Weidner A. R. Winterstein 《Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit》2007,2(2):126-129
In case of findings of authorized genetically modified (gm) plant ingredients below the 0.9 per cent threshold, exceptions
from labelling requirements according to regulation (EC) No. 1829/2003 can only be made, “provided that this presence is adventitious
or technically unavoidable”. The authors describe factors that should be considered regarding contaminations by gm plant ingredients
as technically unavoidable or not. A practical approach for interpretation, taking into account quality control measures and
documentation as well as present findings in comparable products is proposed.
Received: February 23, 2007 相似文献
44.
E. Stenitzer H. Diestel Th. Zenker R. Schwartengräber 《Water Resources Management》2007,21(9):1567-1584
The performance of the water balance and crop growth model SIMWASER to estimate the water supply of a lawn by capillary rise
from shallow ground water was investigated by using lysimeter measurements with a sandy and a clayey soil. Moreover the robustness
of the model was evaluated by running it either with measured hydraulic soil parameters or with estimated pedotransfer functions
(PTFs) derived from texture and bulk density. Simulations were performed for the years 1996–1998 with input data from the
lysimeter station Berlin-Dahlem (Germany) for lysimeters containing undisturbed sandy or clayey soil monoliths, with groundwater
at 135 cm depth. Simulated evapotranspiration and percolation/capillary rise were in good agreement with the measured data
for all variants, while simulated soil water storage was acceptable only for the variants using hydraulic soil data based
on laboratory measurements or using PTFs derived from known soil class and bulk density. PTFs based on mean total pore volume
of the respective soil classes yielded soil water storages which were evidently too high; therefore they should be used with
care and must be avoided at all in simulating the soil water balance of arid sites with shallow groundwater. 相似文献
45.
A. V. Räisänen W. R. McGrath D. G. Crete P. L. Richards 《Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves》1985,6(12):1169-1189
Several scaled models have been used to determine the contributions of various waveguide mount parameters to the embedding impedance of a mm-wave SIS mixer. Measured effects of waveguide height, substrate orientation and width, junction location, lead inductance and RF-filter impedance are presented and discussed. 相似文献
46.
Summary ESCA is used to characterize ion beam irradiated P(p-ClPhMA)-samples. The results show a chlorine abstraction. The experimental
findings are in accordance with a recently proposed model for a crosslinking mechanism of halogenated aromatic polymers. 相似文献
47.
The next generation of video tapes will use evaporated thin films with their superior properties such as recording density, output level, frequency characteristics and signal-to-noise ratio. This paper describes the metal layer formation by a simple model for the growth of microcolumns at oblique incidence deposition. The most relevant process parameters are discussed. The layout of a production coater is described. 相似文献
48.
D. Y. C. Lie A. Vantomme F. Eisen T. Vreeland M. -A. Nicolet T. K. Carns K. L. Wang B. Holländer 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1994,23(4):369-373
We compare both the strain and damage that 100 keV Si irradiation at room temperature introduces in pseudomorphic and relaxed
GexSi1−x films grown on Si(100) substrates. The ion range is such that the Si/GexSi1−x interface is not significantly damaged. The amount of damage produced in pseudomorphic and relaxed GexSi1−x layers of similar x for irradiation doses up to 2.5 × 1014 Si/cm2 is the same, which proves that a pre-existing uniform strain does not noticeably affect the irradiation-induced damage. However,
the irradiation-induced strain does depend on the pre-existing strain of the samples. Possible interpretations are discussed.
On leave from Inst. voor Kern en Stralingsfysika, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium. 相似文献
49.
50.
This paper presents work directed at capturing the entrepreneurial and collaborative activity of university researchers. The Triple Helix points to the emergence of the entrepreneurial university as well as to an increasing overlay of activities in universities, industry and government. This study explores ways in which patent-based metrics could be utilized in a Triple Helix context, and how hybrid indicators could be developed by combining patent with survey data. More specifically, it aims to develop indicators that connect technological inventiveness of university researchers to both funding organizations and users, as well as to entrepreneurial activities by academics. The paper develops a simplified model of the innovation process to benchmark the relevance of the indicators to the Triple Helix. An analysis of Finnish academic patents illustrates that patent data can already provide useful indicators but, on its own, cannot provide information about how academic patents are interconnected with government or industry through funding or utilization links. An exclusive analysis of patents can point to patent concentrations on certain universities, to inventors and assignees, or to potential gaps in translating applied science into industrial technology. However, the patent data had to be combined with an inventor survey in order to relate academic patents more to their Triple Helix environment. The survey indicated that most patented academic inventions are connected to (often publicly funded) scientific research by the inventors and tend to be utilized in large firms rather than in start-up companies founded by academic entrepreneurs. 相似文献