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41.
AI Quintero Del Río 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,89(1-3):12-14
Motor vehicle accidents are the main cause of death and disability between 1 and 4 years of age. Since 1980 the Academy of Pediatrics has been promoting the correct use of car seats. The major reason that car seats are not fulfilling their full potential is their incorrect or lack of use. In order to evaluate parental knowledge about car seat use for children and their actual use in the population visiting HURRA, a survey was performed which demonstrated that only 57.6% of the parents interviewed had infant car seats and that only 83.3% of owners actually use it. As many as 94.4% had correct knowledge about car seat use, but the majority of correct information was not provided by the medical staff. The majority of parents use seat belts for their own protection but a significantly smaller percentage use car seats for their own children. 相似文献
42.
Various influence diagnostics in Multiple Discriminant Analysis can be found in the literature. Almost all of them are based
on the overall probability of misclassification. Two case-deletion diagnostics which evaluate the effect of the omission on
the linear functions which determine Fisher’s Linear Discriminant Rule are proposed in this paper. Both measures are based
on the L
2-norm: The first diagnostic is calculated from the data set and the second diagnostic is calculated in the minimum hypercube
which covers it. 相似文献
43.
Larissa Canilha Walter Carvalho Marco Giulietti Maria Das Graças Almeida Felipe João Batista Almeida E Silva 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(5):715-721
BACKGROUND: Xylitol bioproduction from lignocellulosic residues comprises hydrolysis of the hemicellulose, detoxification of the hydrolysate, bioconversion of the xylose, and recovery of xylitol from the fermented hydrolysate. There are relatively few reports on xylitol recovery from fermented media. In the present study, ion‐exchange resins were used to clarify a fermented wheat straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate, which was then vacuum‐concentrated and submitted to cooling in the presence of ethanol for xylitol crystallization. RESULTS: Sequential adsorption into two anion‐exchange resins (A‐860S and A‐500PS) promoted considerable reductions in the content of soluble by‐products (up to 97.5%) and in medium coloration (99.5%). Vacuum concentration led to a dark‐colored viscous solution that inhibited xylitol crystallization. This inhibition could be overcome by mixing the concentrated medium with a commercial xylitol solution. Such a strategy led to xylitol crystals with up to 95.9% purity. The crystallization yield (43.5%) was close to that observed when using commercial xylitol solution (51.4%). CONCLUSION: The experimental data demonstrate the feasibility of using ion‐exchange resins followed by cooling in the presence of ethanol as a strategy to promote the fast recovery and purification of xylitol from hemicellulose‐derived fermentation media. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
44.
The hydrolysis and condensation reactions of γ-APS have been studied in different acid content aqueous solution by using Fourier
Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The hydrolysis of γ-APS under the studied conditions can be followed by the increase
of the ethanol band located at 882 cm−1 and the decrease of the band due to the ρ(CH3) of γ-APS molecules located at 959 cm−1. Hydrolysis reaction is faster by increasing both H2O and acid concentrations, and it is completed when 3 moles of H2O per mole of γ-APS are used. The increase of the vibrational band located at 1146 cm−1 shows that condensation of the hydrolysed γ-APS molecules take place forming linear chains in poorly cross-linked structures.
Besides, both 8-membered cyclic siloxane formations and poorly cross-linked structures are formed and increase as the water
and acid content are increased. On the other hand, highly connected cross-linked structures do not appear due to the steric
hindrance of the non-hydrolysable aminopropyl group. The silanol band shows that hydrolysis is faster than condensation except
for samples with the lowest H2O content. 相似文献
45.
46.
Andrés Rigail-Cedeño 《Polymer》2005,46(22):9378-9384
Cure reactions of the stoichiometric mixtures of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and two very low molecular weight aliphatic polyether diamines (PED) were studied by using fluorescence and mid- and near-IR spectroscopic techniques. As the cure proceeded, the primary amine groups in PED are converted to the secondary and the tertiary amines. Near-IR spectral analysis was used to calculate the concentration of the three amine groups as a function of cure time. The decrease in the fluorescence intensity of DGEBA at about 307 nm was observed due to more effective quenching of the tertiary amine groups in PED, in comparison to the primary and the secondary amine groups. A large decrease in fluorescence intensity at 75 and 95 °C cure was observed. The amount of all the amine species was estimated from NIR spectra to shed light on the cure kinetics of PPO (polypropylene oxide) in comparison with PEO (polyethylene oxide) epoxy, as well as to explain their fluorescence behavior.The fluorescence intensity changes were correlated to the extent of epoxy reaction obtained by mid- and near-IR spectroscopy. 相似文献
47.
María J. Martín David E. Singh J. Carlos Mourio Francisco F. Rivera Ramn Doallo Javier D. Bruguera 《Parallel Computing》2003,29(11-12):1763
The aim of this work is to provide a high performance air quality simulation using the STEM-II (Sulphur Transport Eulerian Model 2) program, a large-scale pollution modeling application. First, we optimize the sequential program with the aim of increasing data locality. Then, we parallelized the program using OpenMP directives for shared memory systems, and the MPI library for distributed memory machines. Performance results are presented for a SGI O2000 multiprocessor, a Fujitsu AP3000 multicomputer and a Cluster of PCs. Experimental results show that the parallel versions of the code achieve important reductions in the CPU time needed by each simulation. This will allow us to obtain results with adequate speed and reliability for the industrial environment where it is intended to be applied. 相似文献
48.
General relationships between organisms and their habitat, consistent across spatial scales and regions, suggest the existence of repeatable ecological processes and are useful for the management of stream networks. From published data, we defined four guilds of European fish species with contrasting preferences for microhabitat hydraulics within stream reaches. At the scale of stream reaches and across 139 French sites (590 460 fishes sampled), we analysed how fish guild proportions were related to reach hydraulics (proportion of pools vs. riffles %POOL; median discharge by unit width Q50/W). The strongest correlations were observed between two fish guilds and %POOL (p < 0.001, r2 ≥ 0.41) and between one fish guild proportion and Q50/W (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.10). These reach–scale relationships were consistent across six large French basins, and consistent with the analyses made at the microhabitat scale. Therefore, microhabitat preferences for hydraulics are strong enough to generate consistent reach‐scale community responses to hydraulics across regions, despite the influence of other filters such as temperature, nutrient levels or history. The distribution of basic geomorphic features (pools, riffles) in streams and their modification (by dams, weirs and dikes) can modify the proportion of fish guilds by up to 80%, probably contributing to the long‐term decline of riffle‐dwelling species in Europe. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
49.
Carlos Conceio Antnio Luísa N. Hoffbauer 《Reliability Engineering & System Safety》2007,92(10):1353-1362
This article describes a finite element-based formulation for the statistical analysis of the response of stochastic structural composite systems whose material properties are described by random fields. A first-order technique is used to obtain the second-order statistics for the structural response considering means and variances of the displacement and stress fields of plate or shell composite structures. Propagation of uncertainties depends on sensitivities taken as measurement of variation effects. The adjoint variable method is used to obtain the sensitivity matrix. This method is appropriated for composite structures due to the large number of random input parameters. Dominant effects on the stochastic characteristics are studied analyzing the influence of different random parameters. In particular, a study of the anisotropy influence on uncertainties propagation of angle-ply composites is carried out based on the proposed approach. 相似文献