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81.
Nihat Ali Isitman Mehmet Dogan Erdal Bayramli Cevdet Kaynak 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2011,51(5):875-883
This study was aimed to investigate the influence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a widely used filler, on the fire retardancy of intumescent polypropylene composites. Two intumescent systems based on (1) mixture of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol and (2) surface‐modified APP (m‐APP) were examined. In terms of steady heat release rate, total heat evolved, and fire growth index determined by mass loss calorimetry, m‐APP performed markedly superior to APP‐pentaerythritol. The presence of CaCO3 in both intumescent formulations caused significant losses in fire retardant performance assessed by mass loss calorimetry, limiting oxygen index and UL‐94 tests. Peak rates of heat release and mass loss during combustion, and total heat evolved on combustion were increased, whereas time to ignition was decreased. Characterization of fire residues ascribed the mechanism of deterioration in fire retardancy to the formation of porous and nonexpanded crystalline calcium phosphate/CaCO3 residues during combustion rather than the amorphous protective intumescent chars formed in the absence of CaCO3. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
82.
Muge Durmaz Erhan Zor Erdal Kocabas Haluk Bingol Emine G. Akgemci 《Electrochimica acta》2011,56(15):5316
In this study, transfer reactions of alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions across a micro-water/1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) interface facilitated by a novel calix[4]arene derivative, 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis(2′amino-methylpyridine)-26,28-dihydroxy calix[4]arene (APHC4), were investigated by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. Well-defined voltammetric behavior was obtained only for K+ ion among the used metal ions. The electrochemical data were used to determine the stoichiometry and the appropriate association constant of the occurring complex between K+ ion and APHC4. The obtained steady-state voltammograms indicated that the facilitated transfer process occurs with a TIC/TID mechanism according to 1:1 stoichiometry. The logarithm of the association constant () of K(APHC4)+ complex in the DCE phase was calculated to be 6.32. Also, the availability of the facilitated transfer for the design of an amperometric screening sensor for K+ ion was evaluated in the range of 50–500 μmol dm−3. 相似文献
83.
Aylin Şakar-Deliormanlı Erdal Çelik Mehmet Polat 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2009,29(1):115-123
Lead magnesium niobate (PMN) is a relaxor ferroelectric material. Because of its high dielectric constant and superior electrostrictive properties it is commonly used in the manufacture of multilayer electronic devices which is typically produced by tape casting. However, preparation of PMN slurry formulations to use in aqueous tape casting process is not investigated in detail yet. Therefore, in this study aqueous PMN formulations were developed for tape casting and its relation with the final properties of PMN films were investigated. The slurries were prepared using poly(acrylic acid)-based comb polymer as the dispersant, nonionic acrylic latex as the binder and the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as the wetting agent. The results showed that it is possible to prepare flexible, crack-free PMN films using highly concentrated suspensions without using any plasticizer. The study gives guidelines for the aqueous tape casting of PMN and can be adapted to processing of other multi-component metal oxides. 相似文献
84.
The Analysis Committee of the European Brewery Convention carried out a collaborative trial on malts using the specific analysis methods for α- and β-amylase activities based on dyed substrates supplied by MegaZyme (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. The repeatability and reproducibility values for the methods were judged to be unsatisfactory and consequently the methods were not recommended for Analytica-EBC. 相似文献
85.
Bromate decomposition with low pressure mercury vapor lamps (LPMVL) was studied in buffer-free and buffered Milli-Q water by following the fate of bromine species BrO3 ?, Br?, and free bromine. BrO3 ? was converted over time to Br? with total free bromine (TFBr) as secondary reaction product. BrO3 ? decay followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and was independent of [BrO3 ?]o (0.06–0.6 mM), pHo (6.9–9.5) and HCO3 ? (0.05–1.0 mM), slightly dependent on acetate (0.06–0.27 mM), highly dependent on and adversely affected by humic acids (HA) and an increasing function of photon flux I as measured by potassium ferrioxalate actinometry. Reaction pH dropped by as much as 2.2 units at pHo ≤ 8.5 in the buffer-free experiments, while it remained within 0.5 unit at pHo > 9. TFBr decay due to exposure to LPMVL resulted in formation of Br? (major) and BrO3 ? (minor). Decay of HA in the presence of BrO3 ? was highly augmented by photon emission of LPMVL at 185 nm and was found to substantially contribute to BrO3 ? decay in the presence of HA. Correlations on the dependency of bromine species decay or formation rates as a function of photon flux are presented. 相似文献
86.
A comparison has been carried out between the scientific production of Turkish physicists in the periods 1961-1971 and 1994-2000,
by considering articles (written singly or in collaboration with scientists of different nationalities) which have received
at least ten citations. The results show that in 30 years, appreciable increases have occurred in the number of authors making
significant contributions and in the number of papers based on research carried out in Turkey.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
87.
Predicting the lateral effective stress and the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest values is an important task in geotechnical engineering since it is used in the design and analysis of earth retaining structures, slope stability, piles and pier foundations. It needs sophisticated test procedures. The laboratory and in situ tests are also expensive and time consuming. In this study, an artificial neural network model is developed to predict the σ′h, lateral effective stress in cohesionless soils. Back propagation neural networks are used for function approximation and model has been trained by Levenberg-Marqurdt (LM) learning algorithm. The data used in the running of network models have been obtained from extensive series of oedometer tests on Kilyos, Ayvalik and Yalikoy sands. Tests were carried out on loose, medium dense and dense state of compactness in normal loading, unloading and reloading conditions. The test results demonstrate that there is a linear relationship between vertical and lateral stresses for normally loaded cohesionless soils under K0 conditions. K0 values obtained for the loose state of compactness are higher than for the dense state of compactness. The results of the artificial neural network model indicate that the model serves as simple and reliable tool to predict σ′h and also K0 in cohesionless soils. The variation of K0 values with internal friction angles is obtained and a simple expression is derived from this relationship. 相似文献
88.
Comparison of multiple regression analysis using dummy variables and a NARX network model: an example of a heavy metal adsorption process
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Deniz Bingöl Haibibu Xiyili Sermin Elevli Erdal Kılıç Seda Çetintaş 《Water and Environment Journal》2018,32(2):186-196
In the present study, the adsorption characteristics of coal fly ash obtained from the Kangal Power Plant, Turkey and activated fly ash in the planetary ball mill were investigated to remove the heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacity was compared for the first time using a multiple regression analysis with dummy variables and a non‐linear auto regressive exogenous (NARX) network model. An equation was obtained for all types of adsorbents or heavy metals using the regression of qe on the dummy variables. The predictive ability of NARX was found to be better than that of multiple regression using dummy variables. These models can also be successfully implemented on the experimental data to evaluate the adsorption process. In addition, fly ash is a low cost alternative since it is a more economical and environmentally friendly adsorbent and it is abundant in both nature and from waste material from industry. 相似文献
89.
Christian Schlette Anders Glent Buch Eren Erdal Aksoy Thomas Steil Jérémie Papon Thiusius Rajeeth Savarimuthu Florentin Wörgötter Norbert Krüger Jürgen Roßmann 《Production Engineering》2014,8(6):745-754
The development of programming paradigms for industrial assembly currently gets fresh impetus from approaches in human demonstration and programming-by-demonstration. Major low- and mid-level prerequisites for machine vision and learning in these intelligent robotic applications are pose estimation, stereo reconstruction and action recognition. As a basis for the machine vision and learning involved, pose estimation is used for deriving object positions and orientations and thus target frames for robot execution. Our contribution introduces and applies a novel benchmark for typical multi-sensor setups and algorithms in the field of demonstration-based automated assembly. The benchmark platform is equipped with a multi-sensor setup consisting of stereo cameras and depth scanning devices (see Fig. 1). The dimensions and abilities of the platform have been chosen in order to reflect typical manual assembly tasks. Following the eRobotics methodology, a simulatable 3D representation of this platform was modelled in virtual reality. Based on a detailed camera and sensor simulation, we generated a set of benchmark images and point clouds with controlled levels of noise as well as ground truth data such as object positions and time stamps. We demonstrate the application of the benchmark to evaluate our latest developments in pose estimation, stereo reconstruction and action recognition and publish the benchmark data for objective comparison of sensor setups and algorithms in industry. 相似文献
90.
Ilknur Demirtas Ebru Pelvan İbrahim Sani Özdemir Cesarettin Alasalvar Erdal Ertas 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2013,115(6):641-647
Grape seed oils of seven native Turkish cultivars (namely Atfi, Mazruna, Black Kerkü?, Zeyti, Verdani, Karfoki, and Kerkü?) were evaluated for their fatty acids, tocols, phytosterols as well as total phenolics and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values. Among the fatty acids, linoleic acid (18:2ω6) was the most abundant (56.38–68.56%), followed by oleic acid (16.45–29.38%, 18:1ω9), palmitic acid (8.19–9.44%, 16:0), and stearic acid (3.74–4.98%, 18:0). Total tocopherols and tocotrienol amounts varied in the range of 102.30–305.43 and 251.47–468.22 mg/kg, respectively. Beta‐sitosterol was the most abundant sterol among grape cultivars whose concentration ranging from 64.19 to 71.62%. Total phenolic content ranged from 2.19 to 4.70 mg of gallic acid equivalents/100 g oil, being lowest in Zeyti and highest in Verdani. With respect to antioxidant activities, a large variation in ORAC values was observed among grape seed oils (ranging from 1048 µmol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g in Karfoki to 2569 µmol of TE/100 g in Mazruna). Practical applications: The crude grape seed oils extracted from different cultivars are a good source of nutrients, fat‐soluble bioactives, and health‐promoting components. 相似文献