Different ways of moving ahead after analysis: Changes in experiential dimensions.

Within research on psychoanalysis, the common model of analytic change conceptualizes it as structural reorganization and development of self-analytic function. The present article takes as its point of departure analytic patients who, in follow-up interviews, do not present their experience of change according to this common model. Instead of categorizing analysands as being either successful or unsuccessful cases, the article aims to develop concepts of change that pertain to the experiential domain. Themes in the self experience of three former patients are explored. The data is gathered through follow-up interviews. The interviews were conducted with an analytic approach, which provides data on transference themes. Data from the interviews is not intended to provide empirical support for outcomes, but provides material from which concepts of change can be explored and discussed. The three cases illustrate three distinct psychic dimensions: safety, meaningfulness and sameness. All the cases have in common that they show, as described by Modell (1990), a containing transference in the follow-up interviews. Based on the postulated dimensions of self-experience, and with the view that containing transference is a common theme, it is further argued that, despite showing object-dependency, these informants have undergone an experiential change that is of existential significance. This is a kind of change that, it may be argued, is beyond a structural one; one that may be conceptualized as a precondition for the kind of change assumed by the main analytic model. To develop a self-analytic function, the patient may first need to develop a containing one. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Testing probability matching and episodic retrieval accounts of response repetition effects in task switching.

This study takes inventory of available evidence on response repetition (RR) effects in task switching, in particular the evidence for RR cost when the task switches. The review reveals that relatively few task-switching studies in which RR effects were addressed have shown statistical support for RR cost, and that almost all are affected by 1 of 2 potential artifacts, either a response bias caused by disallowing stimulus repetitions or the effect of including stimulus repetitions in data analysis. New results with these factors controlled support an episodic retrieval model in which features of the retrieved trace, including the stimulus but also the task, task cue, and response, facilitate or interfere with performance depending on whether they match or mismatch the current processing context. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Magnetoacoustic imaging of human liver tumor with magnetic induction

Magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) is an imaging technique under development to achieve imaging of electrical impedance contrast in biological tissues with spatial resolution close to ultrasound imaging. However, previously reported MAT-MI experimental results are obtained either from low salinity gel phantoms, or from normal animal tissue samples. In this study, we report the experimental study on the performance of the MAT-MI imaging method for imaging in vitro human liver tumor tissue. The present promising experimental results suggest the feasibility of MAT-MI to image electrical impedance contrast between the cancerous tissue and its surrounding normal tissues.     

Enhancement of β phase crystals formation with the use of nanofillers in PVDF films and fibres

Nanoclay and carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been in focus recently as means of enhancing β phase crystals formation in poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF). Dominantly, the so-far work has been carried out on films/thin sheets filled with nanoclay. It has been found, mainly from combined XRD and DSC data, that nanoclay influences the PVDF structure, and particularly the β phase crystals formation is enhanced. Results published by various groups are in fairly good agreement. There are no results for nanoclay filled melt-spun PVDF fibres.The influence of CNT on PVDF structure has been less studied. XRD data indicating an enhancing role of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) on β phase crystals formation in solution compounded PVDF films are available. Published results for MWNT/PVDF films are not in good agreement. The only study into single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT)/PVDF has been made on electrospun nanofibres.We explore above findings towards melt-spun nanofilled PVDF fibres. We present new results obtained by us for melt-spun PVDF fibres containing non-functionalized and amino-functionalized double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNT). The key finding is that amino-DWNT can influence the β to α polymorphic balance.     

Induction heating of mastic containing conductive fibers and fillers

The objective of this research is to examine the induction heating of mastic through the addition of electrically conductive fillers and fibers (graphite and steel wool), and to prove that this material can be healed with induction energy. The effect of fibers content, sand–bitumen ratio and the combination of fillers and fibers on the induction heating of mastic was investigated. It was found that there is an optimum content of fibers for each sand–bitumen ratio, above which mastic cannot be heated any more. This optimum seems to coincide with the optimum electrical conductivity of the mixture shown in [1]. It was found that the maximum temperature reached within a certain time period was a function of the sand–bitumen ratio (s–b) and of the volume content of fibers. The mastic could be heated with the addition of a very low volume of conductive fibers. The fastest heating power was obtained with the mix with the maximum electrical conductivity. Gel-Permeation Chromatography (GPC) was also used to show that there is not ageing of bitumen during the heating process.     

Two-way Bayesian hierarchical phylogenetic models: An application to the co-evolution of gp120 and gp41 during and after enfuvirtide treatment

Enfuvirtide (ENF) is a fusion inhibitor that prevents the entry of HIV virions into target cells. Studying the characteristics of viral evolution during treatment and after a treatment interruption can lend insight into the mechanisms of viral evolution and fitness. Although interruption of anti-HIV therapy often results in rapid emergence of an archived “wild-type” virus population, previous work from our group indicates that when only ENF is interrupted, viral gp41 continues to evolve forward and resistance mutations are lost due to back-mutation and remodeling of the envelope protein. To examine the co-evolution of gp120 and gp41 during ENF interruption we extend the Bayesian Hierarchical Phylogenetic model (HPM). Current HPMs enforce conditional independence across all outcomes while biologically all gene regions within a patient should return the same tree unless recombination confers an evolutionary selective advantage. A two-way-interaction HPM is proposed that provides middle ground between these two extremes and allows us to test for differences in evolutionary pressures across gene regions in multiple patients simultaneously. When the model is applied to a well-characterized cohort of HIV-infected patients interrupting ENF we find that across patients, the virus continued to evolve forward in both gene regions. Overall, the hypothesis of independence over dependence between the gene regions is supported. Models that allow for the examination of co-evolution over time will be increasingly important as more therapeutic classes are developed, each of which may impact other through novel and complex mechanisms.     

Testing the Claims of New Urbanism: Local Access,Pedestrian Travel,and Neighboring Behaviors

This study tests the New Urbanist claims that placing amenities such as parks and retail shops within walking distance of homes will increase pedestrian travel and thereby increase interaction among neighbors. It also examines the relative roles of physical design and personal attitudes and perceptions in predicting walking and neighboring behaviors. Surveys were conducted in eight neighborhoods (four inner-city, four suburban) with varying degrees of local access to parks and shops. Analyses were conducted at the neighborhood and individual levels and were supplemented with qualitative data. The findings provide some support for each of the tested relationships, but also underscore the significance of other variables, especially personal attitudes.     

Insights into corrosion in dye solar cells

The main issue in using low cost metals in dye solar cells is the corrosion caused by the liquid electrolyte. Contrary to typical applications of metals, the adverse effects of corrosion in dye solar cells are related to irreversible depletion of charge carriers from the electrolyte rather than consumption of the metal itself. It is calculated that the penetration rate due to corrosion should not exceed 10⁻⁴ mpy (a couple of nanometers per year) to ensure device lifetime longer than 1 year. This is 10 000 times slower rate than what is considered to be a general benchmark value for very low corrosion rate in the field of corrosion science and has a major effect on how corrosion should be investigated in the case of dye solar cells. Different methods, their applicability, and limitations to investigate corrosion in dye solar cells are evaluated here. The issue with most techniques is that they can detect metals that are clearly corroding, but they have significant limitations in proving a metal stable. Our investigation shows that the most reliable information on corrosion is obtained from complete dye solar cells that are exposed to working conditions. A combination of color analysis of the electrolyte to such measurement is proposed as a means to extrapolate future performance of the cells and estimate potential lifetimes of the dye solar cells in regards to corrosion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hanging cloths and dangling rods: A unified approach to constraints in computer animation

A simple unified approach for dealing with constraints on real-valued parameters in computer simulations and computer animation is described. The main characteristics of the approach are its flexibility (it works for a variety of constraint-types and it can be implemented to handle both under- and over-constrained systems in a stable way) and its ease for distributed computation. The method is based on the idea of genetic algorithms. The mathematical merits of the method for one constraint-type are discussed in some detail and some examples of applications are given.