组合了电源控制、用户输入功能的单刀单掷按钮开关

本设计实例介绍了对某种旧设计的增强措施(参考资料1)。图1中的电路使用常开型单刀单掷按钮开关S1,它代替了原始设计要求的单刀双掷开关。您可以使用膜片开关来大大简化该器件的工业设计并增强它的人机控制特性。另外,该电路消除了流过未动作开关的电流,由此略微减少了工作模式中的泄漏电流。     

Motion-sensor fusion-based gesture recognition and its VLSI architecture design for mobile devices

With the rapid proliferation of smartphones and tablets, various embedded sensors are incorporated into these platforms to enable multimodal human–computer interfaces. Gesture recognition, as an intuitive interaction approach, has been extensively explored in the mobile computing community. However, most gesture recognition implementations by now are all user-dependent and only rely on accelerometer. In order to achieve competitive accuracy, users are required to hold the devices in predefined manner during the operation. In this paper, a high-accuracy human gesture recognition system is proposed based on multiple motion sensor fusion. Furthermore, to reduce the energy overhead resulted from frequent sensor sampling and data processing, a high energy-efficient VLSI architecture implemented on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA board is also proposed. Compared with the pure software implementation, approximately 45 times speed-up is achieved while operating at 20 MHz. The experiments show that the average accuracy for 10 gestures achieves 93.98% for user-independent case and 96.14% for user-dependent case when subjects hold the device randomly during completing the specified gestures. Although a few percent lower than the conventional best result, it still provides competitive accuracy acceptable for practical usage. Most importantly, the proposed system allows users to hold the device randomly during operating the predefined gestures, which substantially enhances the user experience.     

Ferroelectric Materials: Probing Local and Global Ferroelectric Phase Stability and Polarization Switching in Ordered Macroporous PZT (Adv. Funct. Mater. 5/2011)

We describe the characterization, ferroelectric phase stability and polarization switching in strain‐free assemblies of PbZr_0.3Ti_0.7O₃ (PZT) nanostructures. The 3‐dimensionally ordered macroporous structures present uniquely large areas and volumes of PZT where the microstructure is spatially modulated and the composition is homogeneous. Variable temperature powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies show that the global structure is crystalline and tetragonal at room temperature and undergoes a reversible tetragonal to cubic phase transition on heating/cooling. The measured phase‐transition temperature is 50–60 °C lower than bulk PZT of the same composition. The local ferroelectric properties were assessed using piezoresponse force spectroscopy that reveal an enhanced piezoresponse from the nanostructured films and demonstrate that the switching polarization can be spatially mapped across these structures. An enhanced piezoresponse is observed in the nanostructured films which we attribute to the formation of strain free films, thus for the first time we are able to assess the effects of crystallite‐size independently of internal stress. Corresponding polarization distributions have been calculated for the bulk and nanostructured materials using a direct variational method and Landau‐Ginzburg‐Devonshire (LGD) theory. By correlating local and global characterization techniques we have for the first time unambiguously demonstrated the formation of tetragonal and ferroelectric PZT in large volume nanostructured architectures. With the wide range of materials available that can be formed into such controlled architectures we conclude that this study opens a pathway for the effective studies of nanoscale ferroelectrics in uniquely large volumes.     

A review of silicon-based wafer bonding processes,an approach to realize the monolithic integration of Si-CMOS and Ⅲ-Ⅴ-on-Si wafers

The heterogeneous integration of Ⅲ-Ⅴ devices with Si-CMOS on a common Si platform has shown great promise in the new generations of electrical and optical systems for novel applications,such as HEMT or LED with integrated control cir-cuitry.For heterogeneous integration,direct wafer bonding(DWB)techniques can overcome the materials and thermal mis-match issues by directly bonding dissimilar materials systems and device structures together.In addition,DWB can perform at wafer-level,which eases the requirements for integration alignment and increases the scalability for volume production.In this paper,a brief review of the different bonding technologies is discussed.After that,three main DWB techniques of single-,double-and multi-bonding are presented with the demonstrations of various heterogeneous integration applications.Mean-while,the integration challenges,such as micro-defects,surface roughness and bonding yield are discussed in detail.     

Unfreezable Water in Apple Treated by Pulsed Electric Fields: Impact of Osmotic Impregnation in Glycerol Solutions

The effects of pulsed electric fields (PEF) and osmotic impregnation in glycerol solution on the amount of unfreezable water in apple were determined by means of low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The obtained data were compared with behaviour of pure water–glycerol solutions (sample WG). PEF treatment was applied using a near-rectangular monopolar generator with pulse duration of 100 μs at electric field strength of 800 V/cm. The osmotic impregnation of PEF-treated apple discs was done using water–glycerol (sample AWG) and apple juice–glycerol (sample AJG) osmotic solutions at different concentration of water or juice in glycerol, W = 30–100 wt%. The data evidenced that for the PEF-treated samples the glycerol was able to penetrate successfully inside apple tissue. The state diagrams for WG, AWG and AJG samples were rather similar. It was observed that free water existed only for moisture content above some minimum value. The unfreezable water content was the largest in AJG, followed by WG and AWG. The juice concentration in glycerol W ≈ 80 wt% was found to be optimal for preservation of the texture of PEF-treated samples.     

Novel acylflavones from Sideritis syriaca ssp. syriaca

In the framework of the detailed phytochemical analysis of the aerial parts of Sideritis syriaca, two novel acylflavones were isolated together with three acetylated flavone glycosides and acylated flavone glycosides. The novel acylflavones were identified as isoscutellarein 7-trans-p-coumarate and apigenin 7-,4′-bis(trans-p-coumarate). Their structures were elucidated by means of UV, 1D and 2D NMR, LC–DAD–MS and confirmed by HR-MS spectroscopy.     

Group stress, authoritarian style of control, and use of power.

Studied the influence of group stress on proclivities toward an authoritarian style of leadership and on use of power by industrial foremen and supervisors in their relations with members of a supposed work crew. 25 supervisors were assigned to a group-stress condition and 25 to a neutral condition. Group stress was simulated by having a member of the work crew disparage both the experimental task and the supervisor. By so behaving, the problem worker had a negative impact on group morale. A set of rating categories was constructed for assessing authoritarian style of leadership, and these ratings were converted to a quantitative index. Supervisors subjected to group stress revealed a significantly greater tendency toward authoritarian modes of control and gave lower pay increases ( p     

A study of the usefulness of Lanyon's Psychological Screening Inventory with adolescents.

Administered the Psychological Screening Inventory (PSI) to 559 male and 564 female 13-16 yr olds. Normative test data are presented. On the basis of a questionnaire administered with the PSI, this group was divided into 2 groups on the basis of whether they were more or less likely to appear in court, and were compared to a group tested while on juvenile probation. Significant differences were found on several PSI scales. It appears that the PSI can serve a useful purpose when administered to 13-16 yr olds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Adult age differences in the inhibition of recall as a function of retrieval cues.

Asked 64 Ss from 3 age ranges (18–37, 50–64, and 65–88 yrs) to look at word lists in which the words were either categorized under headings or additionally subcategorized. Ss were then asked to recall the words when (a) the category name was given, or (b) the category name and half of the list words were given. Words recalled decreased with increasing age in all conditions. The youngest age group recalled more words when the category name only was used as a recall cue. There were no significant differences between the 2 recall conditions for the other age groups, suggesting that they were not as susceptible to recall inhibition as the younger adults. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)