Situation dependent decision selector for production control in testing and rework cell

This paper presents a production control approach for the testing and rework cell in a dynamic and stochastic computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) system. The proposed situation dependent decision selector (SDDS) observes the status of the system and jobs at every decision point, and makes its three different decisions on dispatching, pre-emption, and dispatching within pre-emption in real time. This paper also develops a new feature selection algorithm for the SDDS. Experimental results show that the SDDS is better than other static control rules and another dynamic control approach with respect to the number of tardy jobs.     

Correction to: A comprehensive evaluation of availability and operational cost for a virtualized server system using stochastic reward nets

The Journal of Supercomputing - The section “Acknowledgement” was incorrect in the original article. The correct section “Acknowledgement” is given below.     

Determination of ethyl carbamate in some fermented Korean foods and beverages

Ethyl carbamate has been associated with cancer for several decades. It is mainly found in fermented foods and beverages. In view of the importance of fermented foods in the Korean diet and the significant level of ethyl carbamate expected, we determined ethyl carbamate concentrations in some of the staple food items and estimated the daily intake for the Korean population. Ethyl carbamate in commercial samples of kimchi, soy sauce, vinegar, soybean paste, and alcoholic beverages were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/selective ion monitoring (GC-MS/SIM). Homemade soy sauce and kimchi were also analysed. The maximum ethyl carbamate concentrations observed were 73 mu g/kg in soy sauce, 7.9 mu g/kg in soybean paste, 2.5 mu g/l in vinegar, 16.2 mu g/kg in kimchi and 15.4 mu/l in Korean traditional alcoholic beverages. Combining these values with the average daily food intake data, we estimated that the maximum daily exposure of Korean population to ethyl carbamate is 2.8 mu g/day, which is not a negligible amount considering the 'virtually safe dose' derived by animal experiment ranges between 1.2 and 4.8 mu g/day. It would be desirable to closely monitor ethyl carbamate levels in Korean foods and to find ways to reduce the daily intake.     

A stochastic reward net-based assessment of reliability,availability and operational cost for a software-defined network infrastructure

The Journal of Supercomputing - The networking infrastructure of a software-defined network (SDN) requires further study to achieve continuity and high availability of data transactions for cloud...     

Effect of fruit thermal processing on ethyl carbamate content in maesil (Prunus mume) liqueur

Food Science and Biotechnology - The thermal effect of maesil on the content of ethyl carbamate and its precursors during one-year ripening of maesil liqueur was investigated. Fresh maesil...     

Lemon juice improved color acceptance of aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) pound cake by copigmentation

Food Science and Biotechnology - Anthocyanins can be changed into dark purplish color during pound cake preparation due to high temperature and alkaline baking soda, which lowers color acceptance...     

Degradation Pathways of Cobalt-Free LiNiO2 Cathode in Lithium Batteries

Electrode-electrolyte reactivity (EER) and particle cracking (PC) are considered two main causes of capacity fade in high-nickel layered oxide cathodes in lithium-based batteries. However, whether EER or PC is more critical remains debatable. Herein, the fundamental correlation between EER and PC is systematically investigated with LiNiO₂ (LNO), the ultimate cobalt-free lithium layered oxide cathode. Specifically, EER is found more critical than secondary particle cracking (SPC) in determining the cycling stability of LNO; EER leads to primary particle cracking, but mitigates SPC due to the inhibition of H2-H3 phase transformation. Two surface degradation pathways are identified for cycled LNO under low and high EERs. A common blocking surface reconstruction layer (SRL) containing electrochemically-inactive Ni₃O₄ spinel and NiO rock-salt phases is formed on LNO in an electrolyte with a high EER; in contrast, an electrochemically-active SRL featuring regions of electron- and lithium-ion-conductive LiNi₂O₄ spinel phase is formed on LNO in an electrolyte with a low EER. These findings unveil the intrinsic degradation pathways of LNO cathode and are foreseen to provide new insights into the development of lithium-based batteries with a minimized EER and a maximized service life.