Perfectionism and depression: Longitudinal assessment of a specific vulnerability hypothesis.

The authors tested whether perfectionism dimensions interact with specific stress to predict depression over time. A sample of 103 current and former patients completed measures of perfectionism and depression at Time 1 and measures of stress and depression 4 months later. After controlling for Time 1 depression, self-oriented perfectionism interacted only with achievement stress to predict Time 2 depression. Socially prescribed perfectionism did not interact with achievement or social stress to predict Time 2 depression, but it did predict Time 2 depression as a main effect. The results provide support for the contention that perfectionism dimensions are involved in vulnerability to depression over time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Carotenoids and tocols of corn grain determined by HPLC

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure has been developed that permits determinationof carotenoids and tocols in the same sample preparation of corn grain. For 15 inbreds, the total carotenoids ranged from 16 to 77 μg/g dry wt and the total tocols from 30 to 128 μg/g dry wt. For four inbreds, total carotenoids were concentrated in the horny endosperm (83±2%) and total tocols in the germ (77±6%). After six months storage at room temperature, the mean loss of total carotenoids for four inbreds was 42±4%, while the tocols had a mean loss of 5%. Presented at the AOCS meeting in Honolulu, HI in May 1986.     

On the reduction of dodging in mice: A comparison of food wrenching and dodging in rats (Rattus norvegicus) and mice (Mus musculus).

Rats attempt to steal food from conspecifics by approaching them from the side to wrench the food from the victims' paws, but victims dodge laterally away to protect their food. Given the pervasive necessity of obtaining food, it might be expected that the behaviors of food wrenching and dodging would be common to many animals, but this idea has not been examined. In the present study, food wrenching and dodging were compared in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus) and out-crossed CDF1 and inbred C57b mice (Mus musculus). Mice stole food using a strategy very similar to that of rats, but they did not dodge in an open field test and dodged less in a home cage test and ran away or fought more than rats. There were no strain differences in rats, but C57b mice dodged less than CDF1 mice. Given that dodging is a component not only of food defensive behavior but also of play, sexual, and aggressive behavior, the species and strain difference may be a marker (or a key element) of changes in social behaviors that have occurred since the evolutionary separation of rats and mice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Winged bean lipoxygenase—Part 2: Physicochemical properties

Winged bean lipoxygenase (linoleate: oxygen oxidoreductase EC 1.13.11.12) isoenzymes FI and FII were isolated and purified according to the method of Truong et al. (1980).FI and FII were both highly specific for linoleic acid. They exhibited optimal activity at pH 6·0 and 5·8, respectively at 30°C. An activation energy of 4·5 kcal mol^?1 was calculated for this lipoxygenase within the temperature range of 30–50°C.At 0·075% Tween 20, FI and FII had K_m values for linoleic acid of 0·44 and 0·37 × 10^?3M, respectively, compared to 0·4 × 10^?3M for the crude enzyme. Maximal activity was obtained at 1·6 × 10^?3M. Higher levels of Tween 20 inhibited the lipoxygenase activity.Both isoenzymes had identical average molecular weight of 80 000 daltons by gel filtration and SDS gel electrophoresis.FI and FII isoenzymes were strongly inhibited by Hg⁺⁺, Mn⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺ and Fe⁺⁺⁺ and activated by Zn⁺⁺, Co⁺⁺ and Fe⁺⁺. A difference in the degree of inhibition or activation was observed between FI and FII response. Ca⁺⁺ inhibited both FI and FII but the former was more sensitive to Ca⁺⁺. KCN also inhibited the two isoenzymes.Among the antioxidants tested, butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole most effectively inhibited both FI and FII at only 10^?6M. Sulphydryl reagents such as iodoacetamide and dithiothreitol have little effect on the lipoxygenase isoenzyme activity.The lipoxygenase isoenzymes were more stable at neutral pH. The enzyme in the crude extract and especially in situ was more stable to heat treatment.     

Effects of fatty acid concentration and positional specificity on maize triglyceride structure

The effects of fatty acid concentration and positional specificity on maize triglyceride structure were evaluated from the stereospecific analyses of triglycerides from 12 genotypes. The fatty acids at each position were influenced by the fatty acid concentration in the total triglyceride except for the saturates in the 2 position. The fatty acid concentration had the greatest effect on the fatty acid composition of position 3. The existence of positional specificity was evident from the nonrandom distribution of the fatty acids among the three positions of the triglycerides. The concentration and positional specificity effects could be separated in selected genotypes and their crosses. This indicated different genetic controls for each effect.     

Persistence of maladaptive responses in schizophrenia.

30 schizophrenic patients and 30 psychiatric aides were required in 4 experimental tasks to change their responses to meet changing conditions. It was hypothesized that (a) schizophrenic patients are more likely than normals to continue a response after it becomes ineffective; (b) the persistence of the maladaptive response is a function of the severity of schizophrenia. As predicted, the patients persisted longer than the aides in the first learned but later maladaptive responses, and there was some evidence that degree of resistance to change was related to the severity of schizophrenia in the patient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Oligosaccharide mimics containing galactose and fucose specifically label tumour cell surfaces and inhibit cell adhesion to fibronectin

With the aim of establishing a versatile and easy synthesis of branched saccharides for biological applications, we used molecular-dynamics simulations to model Lewis(y) to two classes of di- or triantennary saccharide mimetics. One set of mimetics was based on 1,3,5-tris(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane (TMC) as the core, the other on furan, and both were derivatised with galactose and/or fucose. The TMC-based saccharides were biotinylated, while the furan disaccharides were treated with maleimide-activated biotin in a Diels-Alder fashion to yield oxazatricyclodecanes (OTDs). These were then assayed as cell-surface labels in human colon (SW480 and CaCo-2), liver (PLC), Glia (U333 CG 343) and ovary (SKOV-3) tumour cell lines. Discrete staining patterns were observed in all cells, usually at one or two poles of the cells, particularly with the asymmetric 3-beta-L-fucopyranosyloxymethyl-4-beta-D-galactopyranosyloxymethyl-OTD. Normal SV40-transformed fibroblasts (SV80) showed no staining. Adhesion of the highly metastatic mouse melanoma line B16 F10 to fibronectin was inhibited by 80 % by the TMC-digalactoside and by 30 % by 3,4-bis-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxymethyl)furan. None of the saccharide mimetics inhibited the adhesion of the less metastatic B16 F1 line. Migration of B16 F10 cells through Matrigel was greatly inhibited by the TMC-digalactoside and weakly inhibited by the TMC-trigalactoside. The saccharide mimetics that had shown the best structural agreements with the terminal saccharides of Lewis(y) in the molecular dynamics simulation were also the most biologically potent compounds; this underlines the predictive nature of molecular dynamics simulations. The use of the non-saccharide cores enabled us to adapt spacer lengths and terminal saccharides to optimise the structures to bind more avidly to cell-surface lectins.     

The emperor's used clothes.

Presents a fairy tale that illustrates concerns regarding the consequences of the removal of school psychology from the generic house of psychology and the unreality of creating a "separate but equal" nondoctoral profession. Questions of semantic confusion in defining differences between professional psychology and school psychology are raised. It is postulated that the split suggested by J. I. Bardon (see record 1983-24212-001) may result in the extinction rather than the salvation of school psychology. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Changes in structure of triglycerides from maturing kernels of corn

Kernels of corn inbred H51 were collected at five intervals after hand pollination. The triglyceride content of the total lipids increased from 8.6% at 10 days after pollination to 78.3% at 60 days. The most active period of triglyceride synthesis occurred from 20 to 45 days after pollination, when the weight of triglycerides per kernel increased from 1.1 to 7.5 mg. Over all the collection periods the percentages of palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids decreased while oleic acid increased, but from 30 to 60 days after pollination the fatty acid composition of the triglycerides was nearly constant. Stereospecific analysis revealed a general fatty acid pattern for the triglycerides, in which the concentration of the saturated acids was highest in position 1, linoleic acid in 2 and oleic acid in 3. From 20 to 60 days after pollination there was little change in the fatty acid composition at the 1 position, but the largest changes occurred at the 3 position where palmitic and oleic acids decreased 5.1% and 7.3%, respectively, and linoleic acid increased 13.4%. The variations in the molecular species of the triglycerides were determined by silver nitrate thin layer chromatography and were found to be small from 20 to 60 days after pollination, except for an increase in trilinolein from 5.2 to 11.9%. Stereospecific analyses of four major triglycerides species, SMD, M₂D, SD₂, and MD₂, revealed larger changes in fatty acid distribution at individual positions during maturation than were apparent from analyses of the total triglycerides. Presented in part at the AOCS Meeting, Ottawa, September 1972.     

Objectivity Among Mentors.

After hearing two graduate students in experimental psychology extol learnedly a major theoretical position, the authors were disturbed by a phenomenon that has doubtlessly troubled other psychologists. They wonder why more or less equally intelligent and motivated students, though at different universities, adopt at least superficially but in most cases intrinsically different theoretical biases, each promoting and defending his own belief as though it were verily the most defensible and reasonable theoretical position? Are the various learning theories that different to justify enthusiastic and pious acceptance by comparably capable students? Do celebrated theorists promote their own views comprehensively and dramatically while presenting other views cursorily and sluggishly? Are graduate students really guileless and uncritical? They decry the failure in teaching objectivity in evaluating the numerous theories extant as a serious injustice to the student, who will probably be woefully lacking during later professional maturity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)