Gender and depressive symptoms: Parents' sharing of instrumental and expressive tasks when their children are young.

The impact of division of labor, including emotional work, on levels of depressive symptoms was examined. A self-selected sample of 102 middle-class couples with at least 1 child under 5 years of age completed questionnaires. Women's depressive symptoms were predicted by emotional work, as well as by appraisal of conflict between a division of labor that would suit themselves and a division that would be best for the family. Men's depressive symptoms were predicted by their spouse's disagreement with their estimate of how much housework they performed. Depressive symptoms for both men and women were associated with discrepancies between premarital expectations and the current division of labor. Focus on division of labor, especially sharing of emotional work, is recommended for treating depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Contrasting effects of three forebrain ablations on discrimination learning and reversal in chicks.

Following the ablation of 1 of 3 telencephalic regions, 93 White Leghorn baby chicks were given discrimination and reversal training. Dorsomedial ablations which included a chick's hippocampus impaired reversal training but did not affect the initial acquisition. Ablations that included tissue homologous with and adjacent to the amygdala interfered with early stages of acquisition but did not increase the number of trials to criterion and had no effects on reversal learning. Frontal ablations decreased the response rate while causing no significant learning deficits. These results and previous findings suggest that homologous avian and mammalian limbic-system structures play similar roles in learning. (26 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Lipids of maturing grain of corn (Zea mays L.): I. Changes in lipid classes and fatty acid composition

The total lipids of the grain from three strains of corn were compared throughout the growing season. The Illinois High Oil stock and the two inbreds, H51 and K6, represented high, intermediate and low oil-producing lines. In all three strains lipid synthesis was most active between 15 and 45 days after pollination. The lipids were extracted from the grain with a mixture of chloroform, methanol and water and were separated into classes by silicic acid and thin layer chromatography. Triglycerides constituted 10–17% of the total lipids at 10 days after pollination and increased to 75–92% at 75 days. Polar lipids at 10 days represented 70–72% and at 75 days 4–21%. Fatty acid compositions of the triglycerides and polar lipids changed as the grain matured, but the fatty acids of the polar lipids were more saturated than those of the triglycerides throughout the sampling periods. The major polar lipids were digalactosyl diglyceride, monogalactosyl diglyceride, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Presented in part at the AOCS-AACC Joint Meeting, Washington, D.C., April 1968.     

Estimating sleep parameters: A multitrait-multimethod analysis.

All-night sleep recordings were obtained from 12 good sleepers and 12 sleep-maintenance insomniacs (aged 20–60 yrs) on three consecutive postadaptation nights. Ss completed a sleep diary each morning and evening. Spouses of good sleepers completed independent reports of Ss' sleep. Insomniacs reported significantly more minutes to onset of Stage 1 sleep, more minutes awake after sleep onset, and fewer awakenings than were observed in the sleep recordings. Good sleepers' self-report values for minutes to sleep onset and minutes awake after sleep onset were not significantly different from recorded values. Good sleepers reported fewer number of awakenings than were observed in the recording. Spouses of good sleepers agreed with recorded and reported estimates of minutes to sleep onset but reported significantly different values for minutes awake after sleep onset and number of awakenings. The multitrait-multimethod analysis showed that data from self- and spouse reports provided valid information for estimates of minutes to sleep onset for good sleepers and for minutes to sleep onset and minutes awake after sleep onset for insomniacs. (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Winged bean lipoxygenase—Part 1: Isolation and purification

Lipoxygenase was isolated and purified from dried winged bean seeds by ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel filtration, DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography and hydroxyapatite chromatography. Two major isoenzymes, FI and FII, were separated by ion exchange chromatography and were further purified by elution through a hydroxyapatite column. These resulted in a 105- and 171-fold purification and 7% and 9% recovery for FI and FII, respectively. FI and FII had similar Rf values of 0.25 on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A minor band of Rf 0.01 was detected in ammonium sulphate fractions but was not further enriched and purified in succeeding steps.     

Parental relations and male homosexuality in patient and nonpatient samples.

Compares studies employing patient and nonpatient samples. R. B. Evans (see 43:7) has made an important contribution to etiological studies of male homosexuality by replicating the I. Bieber (see 40:2) questionnaire items with a nonpatient sample. Nonpatient samples are important because of the possibility of ruling out the contaminating factor of psychopathology other than homosexuality. Serious questions are raised about the role of parent-child disturbed relations as necessary and sufficient conditions leading to adult male homosexuality. Other etiological variables are briefly stated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Microbiological changes and their impact on quality characteristics of red hot chilli pepper mash during natural fermentation

Production of hot sauce may require fermentation of red hot pepper mash in barrels from 2 weeks up to 3 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological changes and their impact on quality characteristics of red hot pepper mash during natural fermentation over a period of 18 months. Aerobic plate count (APC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast counts, as well as changes in pH, acid content, colour and aroma of red hot pepper mash, were analysed. LAB and yeast presented a symbiotic association throughout the fermentation process. Significant pH reduction was observed, with an inverse correlation with acid content. There were minor changes in the colour of the mash. Aroma was analysed based on six volatile compounds which had a significant increase during the first 60 days of fermentation, followed by a significant reduction after 300 days.     

The lipids of corn germ and endosperm

Mature kernels of an inbred corn were hand dissected into germ and endosperm fractions. Among various solvents tested, boiling, water-saturatedn-butanol extracted the most lipid from endosperm, and it was used as t h e extracting solvent for both germ and endosperm. The germ contained 78% of the total lipids and the endosperm 17%. The most striking differences in the fatty acid compositions of the triglycerides and polar lipids were higher levels of stearic and linolenic acids in the endosperm lipids. Although precautions were taken during extraction to inactivate lipases, immediately after harvest the free fatty acid level of the total lipids of the whole kernel was 6.5%. Ninety-five percent of the free fatty acids was in the endosperm fraction where the free fatty acids made up 36.5% of the total lipids. In germ, free fatty acids represented only 0.6% of the total lipids. The individual phospholipid and glycolipid classes of the endosperm and germ lipids were similar except for high levels of lyso compounds in the endosperm lipids. The higher levels of linolenic acid, free fatty acids and lyso lipids in endosperm may affect the keeping quality of the corn grain and of fractions milled from the endosperm. Presented at the AOCS meeting, St. Louis, May 1978.     

Cognitive stimulation in brainstorming.

Research on group brainstorming has demonstrated that it is less effective for generating large numbers of ideas than individual brainstorming, yet various scholars have presumed that group idea sharing should enhance cognitive stimulation and idea production. Three experiments examined the potential of cognitive stimulation in brainstorming. Experiments 1 and 2 used a paradigm in which individuals were exposed to ideas on audiotape as they were brainstorming, and Experiment 3 used the electronic brainstorming paradigm. Evidence was obtained for enhanced idea generation both during and after idea exposure. The attentional set of the participant and the content of the exposure manipulation (number of ideas, presence of irrelevant information) influenced this effect. These results are consistent with a cognitive perspective on group brainstorming. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)