Effects of premixed diethyl ether (DEE) on combustion and exhaust emissions in a HCCI-DI diesel engine

In this study, the effects of premixed ratio of diethyl ether (DEE) on the combustion and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder, HCCI-DI engine were investigated. The experiments were performed at the engine speed of 2200 rpm and 19 N m operating conditions. The amount of the premixed DEE was controlled by a programmable electronic control unit (ECU) and the DEE injection was conducted into the intake air charge using low pressure injector. The premixed fuel ratio (PFR) of DEE was changed from 0% to 40% and results were compared to neat diesel operation. The percentages of premixed fuel were calculated from the energy ratio of premixed DEE fuel to total energy rate of the fuels. The experimental results show that single stage ignition was found with the addition of premixed DEE fuel. Increasing and phasing in-cylinder pressure and heat release were observed in the premixed stage of the combustion. Lower diffusion combustion was also occurred. Cycle-to cycle variations were very small with diesel fuel and 10% DEE premixed fuel ratio. Audible knocking occurred with 40% DEE premixed fuel ratio. NO_x-soot trade-off characteristics were changed and improvements were found simultaneously. NO_x and soot emissions decreased up to 19.4% and 76.1%, respectively, while exhaust gas temperature decreased by 23.8%. On the other hand, CO and HC emissions increased.     

多级结构Ni-Co-LDH的制备及其吸附U(VI)的行为与机理

以ZIF-67为模板,原位水解制备多级结构Ni-Co-LDH。研究了吸附时间、溶液pH、温度及U(VI)初始浓度对吸附U(VI)性能的影响,并分析了吸附U(VI)前后Ni-Co-LDH微观结构、表面形貌和含氧基团的变化情况,阐明了Ni-Co-LDH对U(VI)的吸附机理。结果表明：pH是影响吸附的主要因素,吸附最佳pH为5.0,在该条件下,饱和容量最大的吸附剂为Ni-Co-LDH-180,其吸附容量达到1135.30 mg/g。Ni-Co-LDH-180吸附U(VI)过程与假二级动力学模型及Langmuir吸附等温线模型吻合,且该吸附过程是一个自发吸热过程。Ni-Co-LDH-180在含Ca2+、Mg2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Pb2+、CO32-等杂质离子的混合溶液中对U(VI)具有较好的选择性。Ni-Co-LDH-180高效吸附U(VI)主要归功于其表面的Ni-OH、Co-OH和Ni-O-Co基团。     

基于组合赋权-理想点法的顶底柱开采方案优选研究

为对三山岛金矿顶底柱回采的采矿方法进行科学合理的评价,在综合考虑影响采矿方法因素的基础上,以技术、经济、安全等因素建立综合评价指标体系,采用层次分析法和熵权法对评价指标进行组合赋权,利用基于组合赋权的理想点法对待选方案进行综合评价,计算出各方案的优越度,科学、合理地优选出采矿方法。     

套管径向变形可修复界限研究

由于缩径变形套管的最小可修复内径没有明确值,导致采用胀管器整形时容易造成套管二次伤害。在分析胀管器冲击整形作用机理的基础上,根据缩径变形套管的整形工艺,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力有限元程序编制了确定缩径变形套管可修复最小内径的计算程序。以钢级P110、φ139.7 mm不同壁厚套管为例,计算了不同缩径量下的最小修复内径,并根据计算结果绘制了缩径套管内径与胀管器规格对应图版。对计算结果进行了评价分析,结果表明,采用高效胀管器修复缩径套管时,最小修复内径取决于套管的屈服强度和需要达到的最小通径,为了达到所需的最小通径,需要在最小修复内径基础上换3~4种规格的胀管器。在中原油田文95-86井的应用表明,根据计算出的最小修复内径修复缩径套管,可以在保证不伤害套管的前提下提高修复缩径套管的成功率。      

湿室型泵房结合配电间和出水池的设计研究

为减少工程占地面积,优化泵房设计,解决泵站工程中的用地矛盾问题,进行了专门的分析研究,并提出了适应的设计方案,即对湿室型泵房可采用以下两种布置方案:(1)将泵房与配电间结合布置;(2)将泵房与出水池结合布置。将泵房结合配电间的布置,需要在配电间与水泵机组之间设置门窗,以方便运行管理;对于泵房与出水池相结合的布置形式,出水池和泵室是共用一面侧墙,并与路旁出水渠道顺接。实际运行效果表明:两种方案均符合泵站设计规范且在满足泵站安全运行的前提下,可以减少泵站的占地面积,同时还可以节约工程投资。研究成果可为建设用地紧张的泵站工程提供相关借鉴。     

扇形自由水射流流场的PDPA实验研究

采用相位多普勒粒子测速技术(PDPA)对15MPa射流压力下的某一扇形水射流流场进行了实验研究。分析了平均速度分布、均方根速度分布及液滴粒径分布情况;并与圆柱形自由水射流的参数分布进行了对比。研究表明扇形水射流流场中的径向速度脉动是促进流束边缘液滴破碎的重要原因,而径向速度是影响流束展向扩散的关键因素;索太尔粒径随距喷嘴的距离增大而减小;液滴径向速度、液滴粒径和液滴出现概率之间存在着统计相关性。     

再生混凝土基本力学性能的试验研究

通过试验得到了部分再生混凝土和完全再生混凝土的强度、弹性模量以及峰值应变等力学性能指标,并分析了再生骨料对再生混凝土性能的影响。结果表明,部分再生混凝土的各项力学性能与普通混凝土相近,而完全再生混凝土的力学性能与普通混凝土相比则相差较大。     

超宽窄行蕉园起垄机抛土机构设计与试验

目的 在查阅大量国内外有关起垄机构的研究文献基础上,结合新型蕉园种植模式和农艺要求,设计一种蕉园起垄机抛土机构,实现蕉园起垄机械化作业。方法 对抛土起垄机构主要部件进行建模仿真,应用EDEM对抛土起垄过程进行仿真,以导向罩角度、叶轮转速、叶片宽度及叶片偏角作为试验因素,将抛撒距离和土壤集中率作为评价指标,进行单因素和正交旋转组合仿真试验,探究因素对抛土起垄机构作业性能的影响。最后利用Design-Expert数据处理软件对仿真数据进行分析,得到作业最优组合参数,并将最优参数组合来制作样机进行平台试验。结果 通过仿真试验与平台试验对比,得出最佳起垄组合参数:导向罩角度为30°,叶轮转速为275 r/min,叶片宽度为82 mm、叶片偏角为–7.5°;罩角度为62°,叶轮转速为314 r/min,叶片宽度为82 mm、叶片偏角为–7.5°,最终得到仿真结果中土壤集中度分别为73%和81%,抛撒距离为2 081.29 mm和979.2 mm,平台试验验证结果在合理区间范围内。结论 根据仿真与平台试验结果的对比,得到机构抛土效果满足蕉园的起垄要求的最佳参数组合,为“超宽窄行”蕉园起垄机械设计提供了参考依据。     

Single metal atom decorated photocatalysts: Progress and challenges

Photocatalysis has attracted intense attention due to its potential to solve the energy resource problem and environmental issues.The single metal atom decorated photocatalysts as a rising star become more and more popular because of the unique advantages of superior catalytic activities and ultrahigh atom utilization efficiency.The key function of single metal atom catalysts in photocatalytic reactions is boosting surface redox reactions by utilizing photogenerated charges,and has been verified by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.Nevertheless,the activities of the single metal atoms highly depend on the binding environment in the host photocatalyst that affect the adsorption and activation of reactants as well as the reaction energy barrier.Herein,this mini review summarizes recent progress on single metal atom decorated photocatalysts,and discusses the roles of the single metal atom catalysts in different types of host photocatalysts including organic,carbon-based and inorganic materials.The remaining challenges and future perspectives on the stability and activities of single atom catalysts in photocatalytic processes are elaborated in the end.We believe that this mini review will provide valuable overview on synthetic methods of different single atom photocatalysts for researchers towards future development of highly efficient photocatalysts.     

拉拉铜矿落凼矿区深部地应力场特征及岩爆预测分析

拉拉铜矿位于川滇应力区中部,浅部资源接近开采结束,逐步由露天开采全面转为地下开采,由于其深部开采地质条件复杂,落凼深部矿区将面对开采过程中的地应力问题。以拉拉铜矿落凼矿区深部地应力场特征为研究对象,开展了10个钻孔的应力解除法地应力测试、22组围岩室内物理力学测试,结合国标法、Barton法及陶振宇法3种应力判据完成了深部开采区域的岩爆预测分析。结果表明：地应力值浅部离散分布,深部线性增长;最大主应力方向整体离散;岩爆程度随深度逐渐增大,浅部离散分布,深部逐渐集中,东区1780m标高可能出现强烈岩爆的现象;结合矿区断层及测试点分布特征,指出矿区断层及地层对地应力测试结果的影响,为该类金属矿山深部灾害预防及安全开采提供有益的参考。