PGRP-LB: An Inside View into the Mechanism of the Amidase Reaction

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are ubiquitous among animals and play pivotal functions in insect immunity. Non-catalytic PGRPs are involved in the activation of immune pathways by binding to the peptidoglycan (PGN), whereas amidase PGRPs are capable of cleaving the PGN into non-immunogenic compounds. Drosophila PGRP-LB belongs to the amidase PGRPs and downregulates the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway by cleaving meso-2,6-diaminopimelic (meso-DAP or DAP)-type PGN. While the recognition process is well analyzed for the non-catalytic PGRPs, little is known about the enzymatic mechanism for the amidase PGRPs, despite their essential function in immune homeostasis. Here, we analyzed the specific activity of different isoforms of Drosophila PGRP-LB towards various PGN substrates to understand their specificity and role in Drosophila immunity. We show that these isoforms have similar activity towards the different compounds. To analyze the mechanism of the amidase activity, we performed site directed mutagenesis and solved the X-ray structures of wild-type Drosophila PGRP-LB and its mutants, with one of these structures presenting a protein complexed with the tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), a muropeptide derived from the PGN. Only the Y78F mutation abolished the PGN cleavage while other mutations reduced the activity solely. Together, our findings suggest the dynamic role of the residue Y78 in the amidase mechanism by nucleophilic attack through a water molecule to the carbonyl group of the amide function destabilized by Zn²⁺.     

管桩水泥性能优化与控制方法

预应力高强管桩是采用高标号品种水泥等原料作为原材料,经离心工艺成型后,再通过蒸汽或蒸压养护而成的一种空心圆筒体的等截面混凝土构件,具有脱模快、强度高、施工方便、适用范围广、生产成本低等优点,广泛应用于建筑、港口、码头、铁路、桥梁等基础设施建设工程中[1]。管桩制品厂家一般对水泥强度要求高,尤其是早期强度[2],另外因操作时间不长和对产品外观质量要求较高,相比普通的混凝土,对流动性要求更高。中国葛洲坝水泥有限公司长期向荆州、荆门等地的管桩生产企业供应管桩专用水泥,为更好地满足客户需求,提升公司管桩水泥产品的强度与工作流动性能,开展相关试验研究。     

Microstructure and Crystallization Evolution of Directionally Solidified Al–Cu–Si Alloys With the Assistance of a Static Magnetic Field

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - We report on the study of the evolution of microstructure and crystallization during directionally solidified Al–Cu–Si alloys with the...     

Ni3Al合金中晶界与位错交互作用的研究

运用嵌入原子法势函数和静态驰豫最陡梯度的计算方法,原子模拟了Ni_3Al合金中晶界与位错的交互作用.主要研究了晶界与位错交互作用的能量特征、晶界结构单元的畸变行为和晶界附近位错的核心结构,并分析讨论了各种因素对它们的影响以及与Ni_3Al晶界韧脆行为之间的关系     

Continuous cleaning of A356 alloy melt using high frequency electromagnetic field

A set of device for electromagnetic separation (EMS) was designed and applied to process the continuous flowing melt. Tensile test was employed to compare effect of electromagnetic separation with that of the traditional processes. Compared with filtration by ceramic foam filter and process without filtration, multiple process combined with filtration and electromagnetic separation can effectively remove most of inclusions with diameter finer than 10μm in A356 alloy casting, hence improve its tensile properties. After being processed by electromagnetic filtration,the tensile strength of A356 scrap is enhanced by 8.27%, approaching the level of fresh A356 alloy.     

凝汽器管泄漏在线检测系统的开发

在分析各种凝汽器管泄漏检测方法的基础上，针对凝汽器泄漏的检测现状提出了基于示踪气体的凝汽器管泄漏在线检测系统。该系统把六氟化硫气体作为示踪气体，用两相流的方法喷射到凝汽器管中，如有泄漏则将进入真空室，在尾气中收集示踪气体并由此判断是否存在泄漏及确定泄漏的区域。检测系统主要包括气体处理和喷射系统、漏孔定量和定位系统及自动控制系统等。电厂的应用证明系统能够达到理想的效果。     

1 250 mm五机架六辊冷连轧工艺控制系统核心技术

简要介绍了自主设计制造、具有完全自主知识产权的1 250 mm五机架六辊冷连轧产线工艺及设备特点。重点阐述了冷连轧工艺控制系统的硬件配置、软件架构及核心技术。采用基于简易有限元的轧制力模型及基于成本函数的多目标负荷分配模型，实现了高精度的轧制规程计算。开发了原料板快速启车技术与板形多变量综合最优控制技术，实现了冷轧产品的尺寸精准控制。现场实际应用效果表明，机组稳定运行率达到99.8%以上，不同规格的产品厚度控制精度均达到±0.8%以内，板形控制精度均达到5I以内。     

利用高频磁场制备自生梯度复合材料的熔体温度选择

研究了通过在熔体凝固过程中的不同温度范围施加高频磁场制备自生梯度复合材料的工艺.对于Al/Mg2Si/Si自生梯度复合材料,近似计算及实验结果表明:Al Mg2Si二元共晶区(555～595C)是施加高频磁场的最佳温度范围,此时处于低粘性熔体中的增强颗粒容易被外加电磁阿基米德力分离.高频磁场施加温度过高或过低,均不易使增强颗粒产生梯度分布效果.     

Supported Molybdenum Carbides Lie Between Metallic and Sulfided Catalysts for Deep HDS

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene on alumina-supported Mo₂C has been studied. These catalysts are stable and active under deep HDS conditions (0-250 wt ppm S). However, although they are well known to have hydrogenation properties, they lead preferentially to a non-hydrogenated product of the HDS reaction: dimethylbiphenyl. For the same reaction, supported platinum and sulfided molybdenum oxide lead to the hydrogenated products dimethyldicyclohexyl and methylcyclohexyltoluene, respectively. The ranking of HDS activity is as follows: MoS₂/Al₂O₃ < Mo₂C/Al₂O₃ < Pt/SiO₂.     

单螺杆挤出过程的数值模拟

以三段七区物理模型为基础，采用面向对象程序设计语言VisualC ，对整个单螺杆挤出过程进行了数值模拟。所得压力。温度等工艺参数的模拟结果与实验值吻合较好，说明采用数学模型的正确性和数值算法的可行性。