An 8-bit systolic AES architecture for moderate data rate applications

The complexity involved in mapping an algorithm to hardware is a function of the controller logic and data path. Minimizing data path size can lead to significant savings in hardware area and power dissipation. This paper presents an implementation of a novel architectural transformation technique for mapping a word bit wide algorithm to byte vector serial architecture. The technique divides the input word to several bytes and then traces each byte for extracting architectural transformation. The technique is applied on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm which is non-linear in nature. Using this technique, the 32-bit AES algorithm is transformed into a byte-systolic architecture. The novelty of the technique is more pronounced around the mix column design which is the most complex part of the AES algorithm. The complex matrix multiplication component and standard transformations of the 32-bit AES algorithm are transformed to support 8-bit operations. The resulted AES architectures reuse same logic resources for key expansion and encryption/decryption. The proposed design offers moderate data rates in the range of 41 Mbps for encryption and 37 Mbps for decryption while utilizing 236 and 280 slices, respectively, on Xilinx Virtex II xc2v1000-6 FPGA. Comparison results show significant gain in throughput when compared with other 8-bit designs. This makes it a viable data/communication security solution for a variety of embedded and consumer electronics.     

Generalized Normalized Euclidean Distance Based Fuzzy Soft Set Similarity for Data Classification

Classification is one of the data mining processes used to predict predetermined target classes with data learning accurately. This study discusses data classification using a fuzzy soft set method to predict target classes accurately. This study aims to form a data classification algorithm using the fuzzy soft set method. In this study, the fuzzy soft set was calculated based on the normalized Hamming distance. Each parameter in this method is mapped to a power set from a subset of the fuzzy set using a fuzzy approximation function. In the classification step, a generalized normalized Euclidean distance is used to determine the similarity between two sets of fuzzy soft sets. The experiments used the University of California (UCI) Machine Learning dataset to assess the accuracy of the proposed data classification method. The dataset samples were divided into training (75% of samples) and test (25% of samples) sets. Experiments were performed in MATLAB R2010a software. The experiments showed that: (1) The fastest sequence is matching function, distance measure, similarity, normalized Euclidean distance, (2) the proposed approach can improve accuracy and recall by up to 10.3436% and 6.9723%, respectively, compared with baseline techniques. Hence, the fuzzy soft set method is appropriate for classifying data.

     

Desulfurization of diesel via the H2O2 oxidation of aromatic sulfides to sulfones using a tungstate catalyst

A simplified oxidative desulfurizataion (ODS) catalytic system composed of Na₂WO₄, 30% H₂O₂ and CH₃CO₂H has been found suitable for the deep removal of sulfur in diesel. By combining ODS and methanol extraction, the sulfur level in a commercial diesel has been reduced from 1100 ppm to 40 ppm. Treatment of model solutions of octane containing dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene with our ODS system shows 100% conversion of the thiophenes to sulfones at 70 °C in less than 1 h.     

Wheat Allergy and Intolerence; Recent Updates and Perspectives

The current review paper highlights the complicacies associated with communities relying on wheat as their dietary staple. Although, wheat is an important source of nutrients but is also linked with allergenic responses in genetically susceptible subjects. The wheat proteins especially α-amylase inhibitors, ω-5 gliadins, prolamins, nonprolamin, glucoprotein, and profilins are of significance importance. The allergenic responses are further categorized into IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated reactions. Conjugation and degranulation of the IgEs with the allergens results in release of several mediators. In contrary, non-IgE-mediated wheat allergy depends on immune complexes formed by food and food antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. As results, different diseases tend to occur on the completion of these reactions, i.e., celiac disease, baker's asthma, diarrhea, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria. This instant paper highlighted the concept of food allergy with special reference to wheat. The models are developed that are included in this paper showing the wheat allergen, their possible routes, impact on human health, and indeed possible remedies. The paper would provide the basic information for the researchers, common man, and allied stakeholders to cater the issue in details. However, the issue needs the attention of the researchers as there is a need to clarify the issues of wheat allergy and wheat intolerance.     

Effects of high density dispersion fuel loading on the kinetic parameters of a low enriched uranium fueled material test research reactor

The effects of using high density low enriched uranium on the neutronic parameters of a material test research reactor were studied. For this purpose, the low density LEU fuel of an MTR was replaced with high density LEU fuels currently being developed under the RERTR program. Since the alloying elements have different cross-sections affecting the reactor in different ways, therefore fuels U–Mo (9 w/o) which contain the same elements in same ratio were selected for analysis. Simulations were carried out to calculate core excess reactivity, neutron flux spectrum, prompt neutron generation time, effective delayed neutron fraction and feedback coefficients including Doppler feedback coefficient, and reactivity coefficients for change of water density and temperature. Nuclear reactor analysis codes including WIMS-D4 and CITATION were employed to carry out these calculations. It is observed that the excess reactivity at the beginning of life does not increase as the uranium density of fuel. Both the prompt neutron generation time and the effective delayed neutron fraction decrease as the uranium density increases. The absolute value of Doppler feedback coefficient increases while the absolute values of reactivity coefficients for change of water density and temperature decrease.